SD卡完整规格指南：修订版1.01

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"《一个最完整的SD卡参考文档》是一份由SD Group（包括Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.、SanDisk Corporation和Toshiba Corporation）于2001年发布的关于SD Memory Card物理层规格的重要参考资料。这份文档在多次修订中，着重解决了关键问题，如可靠性与耐用性测试（如扭矩、弯曲和写保护开关循环），以及对静电放电（ESD）防护的增强，定义了非接触式和空气放电的更高电压标准。物理层面的规范详细描述了SD卡的尺寸和机械结构，特别关注了卡片中心区域的厚度容差，并新增了薄型SD卡的机械图纸。对于只读SD卡，提供了更多的澄清和指导。同时，该版本将写入/擦除的最大等待时间调整为250毫秒，以优化操作性能。文档还取消了对“未读取/溢出”和“过读”状态位的表22中的描述，因为这些在SD卡操作中被认为是不相关的。此外，文档中包含了类型修正和一些重要细节的澄清，确保了读者能全面了解和应用SD卡的正确操作和性能要求。这份文档不仅适用于硬件工程师、系统集成者和设备制造商，对于任何需要了解或使用SD卡技术的用户来说，都是一份极其宝贵的参考资料，能够帮助他们理解和解决SD卡相关的技术问题，提升设备兼容性和数据传输的稳定性。"

Date: April 2001

SD-Memory Card Specifications / Part 1. Physical Layer Specification; Version 1.01

SD Memory Card System Concept

token rather than a data block.

Figure 11: Read operation - data error

• Data Write

Single and multiple block write operations are supported in SPI mode. Upon reception of a valid

write command, the card will respond with a response token and will wait for a data block to be sent

from the host. CRC suffix, block length and start address restrictions are identical to the read opera-

tion (see Figure12).

Figure 12: Write operation

After a data block has been received, the card will respond with a data-response token. If the data

block has been received without errors, it will be programmed. As long as the card is busy program-

ming, a continuous stream of busy tokens will be sent to the host (effectively holding the DataOut

line low).

command

DataIn

DataOut

from

host

to card

data error token

from card to host

from

card

to host

data error

response

command

Command

Data Resp

command

DataIn

DataOut

from

host

to card

data from

host

to card

from

card

to host

data block

busy

Data

response and

busy from

card

response

data start

token

data from

host

to card

data block

Data Resp

busy

data stop

token

block write operation

data stop operation

multiple block write operation

Date: April 2001

SD-Memory Card Specifications / Part 1. Physical Layer Specification; Version 1.01

SD Memory Card System Concept

3.4 Compatibility to MultiMediaCard

The SD Memory Card protocol is designed to be a super-set of the MultiMediaCard protocol

. The

main additions are the wide bus option and the content protection support (refer to Table 3 for

details). It is very easy to design host systems, capable of supporting both types of cards. The intent

is to enable application designers to make use of the exiting install base of MultiMediaCard, unless

the application cannot do without either the fast data transfer rate (wide bus), or content security.

1. As defined in the MultiMediaCard system specification V2.11. Published by the MMCA technical commitee.

SD Memory Card MultiMediaCard Comments

Bus width 1bit or 4 bits 1 bit only

System bus organization

(multiple cards connection)

Star Topology Bus Topology

Initialization commands CMD0

ACMD41

CMD2

CMD3

CMD0

CMD1

CMD2

CMD3

In MultiMediaCard CMD1 and

CMD2 are sent concurrently from

all cards using the OD drivers. In

SD memory card each card is

reset and identified indepen-

dently and the RCA (CMD3) is

assigned by the card.

Operation Commands SEND_NUM_WR_BLOCK

SET_WR_BLK_COUNT

two new command for improved

write performance (ACMD23,

ACMD22) are supported in SD.

Maximum Clock rate 25MHz 20MHz

Read Only type of cards)

not supported

Write protect switch supported not supported When MultiMediaCard is inserted

into an SD Memory Card slot, it

always perceived as non-write-

protected card (window closed)

Feature of Pin #1 Has a card internal pull-up

resistor

Defined as "not

connected"

In SD Memory Card pin #1 may

be used for card detection.

CSD Structure Different from MMC

(mainly Sector Size/

Groups is different)

CID Structure Different from MMC In SD the Manufacturing date

field is bigger. Product ID field is

smaller.

SPI R/W Multiple Block Supported Not supported

Stream R/W mode not supported supported

(optional)

SD Memory Card supports only

single and multiple block read/

write operations.

Date: April 2001

SD-Memory Card Specifications / Part 1. Physical Layer Specification; Version 1.01

SD Memory Card System Concept

The only difference (as opposed to addition) between the SD Memory Card and the MultiMediaCard

is the bus topology and initialization protocol. While the MultiMediaCard stack is connected on the

same bus and being identified using synchronous transmission of Open-drain outputs, each SD

Memory Card has an independent point-to-point connection to the host, and the cards are identified

serially, one at a time (refer to Table 4 for a command set comparison between SD Memory Card

and MultiMediaCard. Detailed description of the SD Memory card protocol commands can be found

in Chapter 4).

The initializing procedure in the SD protocol is defined to successfully identify either a MultiMedi-

aCard or a SD Memory Card, which ever is currently connected on the bus. After card detection, the

host executes the initializing procedure and ends up with an identified card of a known type.

Once the card is initialized the application can determine the card capabilities by querying the vari-

ous configuration registers, and decide whether or not to use it.

The physical dimension of the SD Memory Card is thicker than MultiMediaCard (2.1mm vs. 1.4mm;

refer to Chapter 9) but it is defined in such a way that a MultiMediaCard can be inserted into SD

Memory Card socket. Note that because of the small differences between the mechanical definition

of the pads layout of MultiMediaCard it is required that the SD Host will set its own DAT1-DAT3 lines

to be in Input Mode (Tri-State) while they are not in use.

Three different card detect mechanisms are defined for the SD Memory Card (e.g. mechanical

insertion which can be sensed using the WP switch, Electrical insertion which can be sensed using

the pull-up resistor on DAT3 and periodical attempts to initialize the card). Since some of these

methods may be not relevant (or behave differently) for the MultiMediaCard, it is recommended not

to depend on the preemptive card detects methods only. The host should implement a polling

mechanism or allow the operator to request card identification.

I/O Mode not supported supported

(optional)

I/O (Interrupt) mode is not sup-

ported in SD Memory Card.

Class CMD

SD Memory

Card

MultiMedia

Card

Comment

Class 0 CMD0 CMD0

(Mandatory)

CMD0 Same command.

CMD1 Reserved CMD1 In SD Memory Card ACMD41 is used instead of CMD1

CMD2 CMD2

(Mandatory)

CMD2 Similar command except buffer type used to transmit

to response of the card. (SD Memory Card: push-pull,

MultiMediaCard: open-drain)

CMD3 CMD3

(Mandatory)

CMD3 In both protocols this command is used to assign a

logical address to the card. While In MultiMediaCard

the host assigned the address, in SD memory Card it

is the responsibility of the card.

CMD

4-10

CMD4-10

(Mandatory)

CMD4-10 Same commands.

Table 4: Commands comparison table.

SD Memory Card MultiMediaCard Comments

Table 3: Differences between SD Memory Card and MultiMediaCard Feature set

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SD卡完整规格指南：修订版1.01

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