3-Sweep技术：从单张照片中提取可编辑对象

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"3-Sweep:从单张照片中提取可编辑对象的新技术" 这篇论文《3-Sweep:从单张照片中提取可编辑对象》由Tao Chen、Zhe Zhu、Ariel Shamir、Shi-Min Hu和Daniel Cohen-Or等人撰写，涉及计算机视觉和图形学领域，主要探讨了如何从一张普通照片中提取出可编辑的3D对象。这个名为“3-Sweep”的方法是一种交互式技术，旨在让用户能够从单一的2D图像中轻松地构建出可编辑的3D模型。在3-Sweep过程中，首先对输入图像（如图1(a)所示）进行边缘检测，得到物体的轮廓（图1(b)）。然后，通过一种三步（3-Sweep）建模方法，对物体的各个组件进行逐层分析和建模（图1(c)）。这一步骤模拟了人类对形状组成部分的认知，解决了自动算法在理解复杂投影和关系上的困难。完成建模后，得到完整的3D模型（图1(d)），并且用户可以对模型进行编辑，例如旋转各个部分并将其放置在新的背景上（图1(e)）。论文的核心在于将人类的认知能力与机器的计算精度相结合，以解决自动算法难以处理的图像解析问题。3-Sweep技术提供了一种用户友好的界面，使得非专业用户也能快速生成具有真实感的3D模型，并进行后续编辑。这一技术对于3D建模、虚拟现实、游戏设计以及增强现实应用等领域具有广泛的应用潜力。通过3-Sweep，用户可以实现以下功能： 1. **快速建模**：利用简单的交互操作，从单张照片快速构建3D模型。 2. **精确编辑**：对生成的3D模型进行旋转、缩放和位置调整等操作，便于在不同场景中使用。 3. **背景替换**：通过alpha遮罩和合成技术，使物体可以无缝地融合到新的背景中。 4. **易用性**：降低了3D建模的技术门槛，让非专业人士也能参与3D内容的创作。这项技术的重要性和创新性在于，它克服了现有算法在理解和重建复杂形状方面的局限性，通过用户参与的方式提高了模型的准确性和完整性。未来，3-Sweep有望推动3D建模工具的普及，并在数字娱乐、产品设计、建筑可视化等多方面发挥重要作用。

3-Sweep: Extracting Editable Objects from a Single Photo

Tao Chen

1,2,3

∗

Zhe Zhu

Ariel Shamir

Shi-Min Hu

Daniel Cohen-Or

TNList, Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University

Tel Aviv University

The Interdisciplinary Center

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Figure 1: 3-Sweep Object Extraction. (a) Input image. (b) Extracted edges. (c) 3-Sweep modeling of one component of the object. (d) The

full extracted 3D model. (e) Editing the model by rotating each arm in a different direction, and pasting onto a new background. The base of

the object is transferred by alpha matting and compositing.

Abstract

We introduce an interactive technique for manipulating simple 3D

shapes based on extracting them from a single photograph. Such

extraction requires understanding of the components of the shape,

their projections, and relations. These simple cognitive tasks for

humans are particularly difﬁcult for automatic algorithms. Thus,

our approach combines the cognitive abilities of humans with the

computational accuracy of the machine to solve this problem. Our

technique provides the user the means to quickly create editable 3D

parts— human assistance implicitly segments a complex object in-

to its components, and positions them in space. In our interface,

three strokes are used to generate a 3D component that snaps to the

shape’s outline in the photograph, where each stroke deﬁnes one

dimension of the component. The computer reshapes the compo-

nent to ﬁt the image of the object in the photograph as well as to

satisfy various inferred geometric constraints imposed by its global

3D structure. We show that with this intelligent interactive mod-

eling tool, the daunting task of object extraction is made simple.

Once the 3D object has been extracted, it can be quickly edited and

placed back into photos or 3D scenes, permitting object-driven pho-

to editing tasks which are impossible to perform in image-space.

We show several examples and present a user study illustrating the

usefulness of our technique.

CR Categories: I.3.5 [Computer Graphics]: Computational Ge-

ometry and Object Modeling—Geometric algorithms, languages,

and systems;

Keywords: Interactive techniques, Photo manipulation, Image

processing

Links: DL PDF

∗

This work was performed while Tao Chen was a postdoctoral researcher

at TAU and IDC, Israel.

1 Introduction

Extracting three dimensional objects from a single photo is still a

long way from reality given the current state of technology, as it in-

volves numerous complex tasks: the target object must be separated

from its background, and its 3D pose, shape and structure should be

recognized from its projection. These tasks are difﬁcult, and even

ill-posed, since they require some degree of semantic understand-

ing of the object. To alleviate this problem, complex 3D models

can be partitioned into simpler parts, but identifying object parts

also requires further semantic understanding and is difﬁcult to per-

form automatically. Moreover, having decomposed a 3D shape into

parts, the relations between these parts should also be understood

and maintained in the ﬁnal composition.

In this paper we present an interactive technique to extract 3D man-

made objects from a single photograph, leveraging the strengths of

both humans and computers (see Figure 1). Human perceptual abil-

ities are used to partition, recognize and position shape parts, using

a very simple interface based on triplets of strokes, while the com-

puter performs tasks which are computationally intensive or require

accuracy. The ﬁnal object model produced by our method includes

its geometry and structure, as well as some of its semantics. This

allows the extracted model to be readily available for intelligent

editing, which maintains the shape’s semantics.

Our approach is based on the observation that many man-made ob-

jects can be decomposed into simpler parts that can be represented

by a generalized cylinder, cuboid or similar primitives. The key

idea of our method is to provide the user with an interactive tool

to guide the creation of 3D editable primitives. The tool is based

on a rather simple modeling gesture we call 3-sweep. This gesture

allows the user to explicitly deﬁne the three dimensions of the prim-

itive using three sweeps. The ﬁrst two sweeps deﬁne the ﬁrst and

second dimension of a 2D proﬁle and the third, longer, sweep is

used to deﬁne the main curved axis of the primitive.

As the user sweeps the primitive, the program dynamically adjusts

the progressive proﬁle by sensing the pictorial context in the pho-

tograph and automatically snapping to it. Using such 3-sweep op-

erations, the user can model 3D parts consistent with the object in

the photograph, while the computer automatically maintains global

constraints linking it to other primitives comprising the object.

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