Spring Roo快速入门与实战指南

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《Spring Roo in Action》是一本由Manning Publications出版的早期访问计划书籍，专注于使用Spring Roo快速构建Spring应用程序。本书适用于希望学习和实践Spring Roo框架的开发者，特别是那些想要提升开发效率、简化企业应用开发过程的人。该书共分为六个主要部分： 1. Part I: Starting Spring apps rapidly with Roo - 本部分引导读者理解Spring Roo是什么以及如何开始使用它。第1章介绍Spring Roo的基本概念，帮助新用户建立对框架的认识。第2章提供入门指南，包括设置环境和基本操作。 2. Part II: Databases and Entities - 数据库持久化是关键，第3章讲解如何通过实体（Entities）与数据库进行交互。第4章深入讨论关系映射、Java Persistence API (JPA) 和高级持久化技术，展示如何处理复杂的数据模型。 3. Part III: Web Development - 这一部分涵盖了Web应用开发，包括模型-视图-控制器（MVC）架构。第5章阐述如何利用Spring Roo创建Web应用，而第6章则探讨如何结合Google Web Toolkit (GWT) 和 Flex进行富互联网应用(RIA)开发。第7章介绍如何通过Mockito和Selenium进行Web应用测试。 4. Part IV: Integration - 包含集成其他服务的功能。第9章着重于配置安全，如Spring Security，第10章讨论消息队列（JMS）和电子邮件集成。第11章则探索云计算在Spring Roo中的应用。 5. Part V: Springing farther with Roo - 提供了更高级的主题，如离开Roo后的重构实践（第13章），以及通过插件进行扩展（第14章）。 6. Appendices - 后续章节提供实用工具和资源，如第A章指导如何安装Spring Roo，第B章详述Roo的注解参考，第C章演示如何在IntelliJ IDEA中使用Roo，以及第D章介绍模块化Java开发和Roo与OSGi的结合。这本书不仅提供了技术细节，还鼓励读者通过实践不断提升自己的技能，适合有一定基础的Spring开发者进一步深化理解和运用。此外，书中也欢迎读者在Manning网站上发表评论，分享经验和反馈。

behavior in chapter 3. Now let's see how Spring Roo generated our project and

review some of the components that make up the voting application.

The Roo platform is built on top of several key technologies: the Roo shell,

annotations, aspects, and a Maven-based Spring project platform. To better

understand the interplay between these components, let's review how the Vote.roo

script assembles the application we just tested. We will then discuss how Roo

manages the various components in the system.

This entire web entry system was generated by a few lines of Roo script, shown in

Listing 1.1:

Listing 1.1 The vote.roo script, located in the Roo samples directory

project --topLevelPackage com.springsource.vote

persistence setup --provider HIBERNATE

--database HYPERSONIC_PERSISTENT

entity --class ~.domain.Choice --testAutomatically

field string namingChoice --notNull --sizeMin 1 --sizeMax 30

field string description --sizeMax 80

controller scaffold ~.web.ChoiceController

entity --class Vote --testAutomatically

field reference choice --type Choice

field string ip --notNull --sizeMin 7 --sizeMax 15

field date registered --type java.util.Date --notNull --past

controller scaffold ~.web.VoteController

controller class ~.web.PublicVoteController --preferredMapping /public

logging setup --level DEBUG --package WEB

security setup

Creates a new Maven project file, setting the top-level package to

com.springsource.vote, and creating the directories for storing our objects.

Installs the proper JDBC Driver into the maven project configuration. Also

configures a JDBC DataSource, Transaction Manager and Spring JPA Container in

Spring, and generates META-INF/persistence.xml, and spring/database.properties

within src/main/resources.

The next three lines install a JPA entity called Choice, located in the domain

sub-package, and add two fields, namingChoice and description.

This one line command installs the MVC controller for the Choice entity. Since it

is the first one, it sets up Spring MVC, including support for annotation-driven

@Controller objects, as well as support for AJAX, and user interface styling using

Apache Tiles.

1.2.4 Review Time

THE COMPLETE VOTE.ROO SCRIPT

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This set of commands configures the Vote entity, adding a reference to the Choice

entity, and two additional fields: ip and registered.

Now we configure another MVC Controller for the Vote entity. Roo automatically

adds the Vote pages to the menu it has constructed for the user interface.

Configure log4j to support debug-level output for the SpringSource Web package

structure.

Configure Spring Security to automatically secure our website.

Take special notice of attribute of the --topLevelPackage project

command. This setting allows us to use the previously mentioned ~. (tilde-period)

shortcut in future commands as a base package to build our other components

from. Roo also configures the project to detect new Spring components from this

package downward.

Only 14 lines of Roo commands, and we have already generated a complete

Spring MVC web application. The configuration includes a number of

technologies:

The Spring Framework,

Hibernate ORM,

The Java Persistence API,

Java EE Bean Validations (JSR-303),

Spring MVC,

Spring Security,

Apache Tiles,

and logging via the slf4j framework and log4j.

Although Vote is a web-based, data-driven application, you may be building a

message-driven system, perhaps using JMS, or the Spring Integration API. Your

application may be a job-scheduling system, running as a console-only program

and scheduled with an API like Quartz or the new Spring Task Scheduler API. In

all of these cases, Spring Roo will help you configure and manage your project,

saving valuable time you would otherwise spend wiring together your

infrastructure.

A closer look at the first two script entries shows how we have defined our Roo

application:

project --topLevelPackage com.springsource.vote

persistence setup --provider HIBERNATE --database HYPERSONIC_PERSISTENT

The command defines our top-level package (the package at the rootproject

of our project class hierarchy) as , which can becom.springsource.vote

©Manning Publications Co. Please post comments or corrections to the Author Online forum:

http://www.manning-sandbox.com/forum.jspa?forumID=682

Licensed to Jacqueline Smith <admin@webfm.com.au>

shortened in other Roo commands to (tilde-period) instead. Next, the ~.

command defines a JPA ORM configuration, backed withpersistence

Hibernate, using the persistent version of the Hypersonic SQL database.

So with two short commands, we've configured the entire backend platform.

Normally that would take a developer anywhere from a half-hour to a day, or more.

But this script continues on to define the database entity classes and user interface

elements, so let's take a look at that configuration step.

The script now configures two classes, and . Roo Entities areentity Choice Vote

JPA-annotated classes that map data to a database, specify data-type constraints

and validation rules, using annotations such as and @NotNull, @Past, @Size

, which we will discuss in greater detail in Chapter 3.

The fragment used to create the entity is defined in three RooChoice

commands:

entity --class ~.domain.Choice --testAutomatically

field string namingChoice --notNull --sizeMin 1 --sizeMax 30

field string description --sizeMax 80

When Roo encounters the command, it creates a class file in theentity

named location (using the special shorthand to represent the base package~.

com.springsource.vote). Roo also takes command-line arguments such as

, which will actually build a JUnit test class--testAutomatically

automatically. The next two lines, starting with define fields to add to the field

entity. The options such as and defineChoice --sizeMin --sizeMax

validation constraints that are used to drive data validation. The complete Spring

Roo JPA Entity follows in Listing 1.2.

Listing 1.2 The Resulting Choice.java Class

package com.springsource.vote.domain;

import javax.persistence.Entity;

import org.springframework.roo.addon.javabean.RooJavaBean;

import org.springframework.roo.addon.tostring.RooToString;

import org.springframework.roo.addon.entity.RooEntity;

import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;

import javax.validation.constraints.Size;

@Entity

@RooJavaBean

@RooToString

THE CHOICE JPA ENTITY

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@RooEntity

public class Choice {

@NotNull

@Size(min = 1, max = 30)

private String namingChoice;

@Size(max = 80)

private String description;

}

In addition to the JPA annotation @Entity, Roo adds @RooJavaBean,

@RooToString and @RooEntity. These are placed in the file automatically to

generate repititious code, including getters and setters, the toString() method, and

all of the JPA persistence code.

The @NotNull and @Size attributes are Bean Validation Framework annotations,

which we will discuss in detail in Chapter 3. They add special validation logic to

our persistence requests automatically.

We define our JPA fields as private member variables, and with the

@RooJavaBean annotation, Roo generates getters and setters for us so we can

access the properties from other classes.

Traditional JPA entities are annotated JavaBeans - they require getters and

setters, as well as other field definitions such as a designated Primary Key.

Persistence logic is generally specified in the form of calls to an ,Entity Manager

commonly built within a Repository or DAO class within a layered Spring

application.

Roo generates mechanical, repetitive code such as persistence logic, and stores

it in separate files. For example, when we create an , Roo actuallyentity

constructs several files, each of which handles a separate function, such as

persistence logic, java bean setter and getter generation, and generating the

common method.toString

We all know the standard line of movie Mafia Dons when they wanted to get rid of

a troublemaker: "Take care of my dirty work..." How much dirty work do you have

to do on a daily basis? Chances are, to write the code that persists a Choice or a

Vote object, quite a lot. But we're using Spring Roo. Let's take a quick look at what

the Roo shell generated behind the scenes.

Take a look at the simplified class diagram in Figure 1.7. It shows all of the

special, hidden files Roo created (with the exception of the Unit Test, which is a

Java class) when we asked it to create our object. For now, ignore the factChoice

that they end in ".aj" : this is something we'll discuss later.

ROO HANDLES YOUR "DIRTY WORK"

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