SD卡2.0物理层简化规范：2006年9月发布

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SD卡规范2.00是SD协会于2006年9月25日发布的SD卡标准的第一部分，专注于物理层协议。这个版本的更新是对之前版本（如1.10）的补充和完善，旨在确保SD卡的兼容性和性能提升。物理层是SD卡的核心组成部分，它定义了卡片与读写设备之间的接口和通信规则，包括信号传输、电源管理以及数据传输速率等方面。在SD 2.00规范中，修订历史记录表明，自2006年4月3日的1.10版发布以来，2.00版在物理层上进行了多项关键改进，这些可能包括但不限于： 1. **增强的数据传输速度**：版本升级可能引入了新的传输模式或优化了数据处理算法，提高了数据交换的效率，使得SD卡在读写速度上有所提升，这对于现代设备的高速存储需求非常重要。 2. **电源管理和效率**：新规范可能对电源管理策略进行了调整，比如优化了休眠模式，以便在降低功耗的同时仍能保持快速响应。 3. **错误检测与纠正**：2.00版可能增强了错误检测和纠正功能，提高数据的可靠性，防止因硬件问题导致的数据丢失。 4. **兼容性扩展**：随着技术进步，2.00版可能支持更多类型的SD卡，如高容量、高速度或者支持UHS (Ultra High Speed) 的SD卡，以满足不同应用场景的需求。 5. **标准化和一致性**：为了确保所有SD卡产品之间的兼容性，规范可能对信号传输格式、引脚配置等进行了统一，减少了制造商间的差异。 6. **安全性提升**：随着安全性的重视，可能增加了加密和认证机制，以保护数据隐私和防止非法复制。 7. **文档更新**：除了技术改进，2.00版可能还提供了更清晰、详尽的操作指南和测试方法，便于设备制造商进行设计和测试。 SD卡规范2.00的发布对整个行业有着重要影响，它不仅推动了SD卡技术的发展，还促进了设备之间的互操作性，是电子设备中广泛使用的存储解决方案的基础。对于设备开发者来说，理解并遵循这一规范是实现高效、稳定和兼容性良好的SD卡应用的关键。

Physical Layer Simplified Specification Version 2.00

3. SD Memory Card System Concept

Description here is a blank for the Simplified Specification.

3.1 Read-Write Property

In terms of read-write property, two types of SD Memory Cards are defined:

• Read/Write (RW) cards (Flash, One Time Programmable - OTP, Multiple Time Programmable -

MTP). These cards are typically sold as blank (empty) media and are used for mass data storage,

end user video, audio or digital image recording

• Read Only Memory (ROM) cards. These cards are manufactured with fixed data content. They are

typically used as a distribution media for software, audio, video etc.

3.2 Supply Voltage

In terms of operating supply voltage, two types of SD Memory Cards are defined:

• High Voltage SD Memory Cards that can operate within the voltage range of 2.7-3.6 V.

• Dual Voltage SD Memory Cards –Dual Voltage SD Memory Cards that can operate within the

voltage range of Low Voltage Range (T.B.D) and 2.7-3.6 V.

Note that details of Dual Voltage SD Memory Card will be defined in future specification.

3.3 Card Capacity

In terms of capacity, two types of SD Memory Cards are defined:

• Standard Capacity SD Memory Cards supports capacity up to and including 2 G bytes (2

bytes).

All versions of the Physical Specifications define the Standard Capacity SD Memory Card.

• High Capacity SD Memory Cards supports capacity more than 2 G bytes (2

bytes) and this version

of specification limits capacity up to and including 32 GB. High Capacity SD Memory Card is newly

defined from the Physical Layer Specification Version 2.00.

Only hosts that are compliant to the Physical Layer Specification version 2.00 or higher and the SD File

System Specification Ver2.00 can access High Capacity SD Memory Cards. Other hosts fail to initialize

High Capacity SD Memory Cards (See Figure 3-1).

Note:

1. The Part 1 Physical Layer Specification Version 2.00 and Part 2 File System Specification

Version 2.00 allow Standard Capacity SD Memory Cards to have capacity up to and

including 2 GB and High Capacity SD Memory Cards to have capacity up to and including

32 GB. SD Memory Cards with a capacity greater than 32 GB will be available with updated

versions of Part 1 and Part 2 Specifications.

2. Hosts that can access (read and/or write) SD Memory Cards with a capacity greater than 2

GB and up to and including 32 GB, shall also be able to access SD Memory Cards with a

capacity of 2 GB or less.

Physical Layer Simplified Specification Version 2.00

3.5 Bus Topology

This section is a blank for the Simplified Specification.

3.6 Bus Protocol

3.6.1 SD Bus

Communication over the SD bus is based on command and data bit streams that are initiated by a start

bit and terminated by a stop bit.

• Command: a command is a token that starts an operation. A command is sent from the host either

to a single card (addressed command) or to all connected cards (broadcast command). A command

is transferred serially on the CMD line.

• Response: a response is a token that is sent from an addressed card, or (synchronously) from all

connected cards, to the host as an answer to a previously received command. A response is

transferred serially on the CMD line.

• Data: data can be transferred from the card to the host or vice versa. Data is transferred via the

data lines.

Figure 3-2: “no response” and “no data” Operations

Card addressing is implemented using a session address, assigned to the card during the initialization

phase. The structure of commands, responses and data blocks is described in Chapter 4. The basic

transaction on the SD bus is the command/response transaction (refer to Figure 3-2). This type of bus

transaction transfers their information directly within the command or response structure. In addition,

some operations have a data token.

Data transfers to/from the SD Memory Card are done in blocks. Data blocks are always succeeded by

CRC bits. Single and multiple block operations are defined. Note that the Multiple Block operation mode

is better for faster write operation. A multiple block transmission is terminated when a stop command

follows on the CMD line. Data transfer can be configured by the host to use single or multiple data lines.

command response

block read operation

data stop operation

CMD

DAT

from

host

to card

stop command

stops data transfer

data from card

to host

from

card

to host

data block crc

data block crc data block crc

multiple block read operation

Figure 3-3: (Multiple) Block Read Operation

The block write operation uses a simple busy signaling of the write operation duration on the DAT0 data

line (see Figure 3-4) regardless of the number of data lines used for transferring the data.

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