Python Dice类解析:程序设计思想与方法

需积分: 26 37 下载量 132 浏览量 更新于2024-08-17 收藏 1.74MB PPT 举报
"Dice类是Python编程中的一个概念,它被用于表示和操作一组骰子。这个类有以下几个关键功能: 1. 构造器:Dice类的构造器用于初始化对象,创建一个包含5个骰子的状态。在Python中,构造器通常是`__init__`方法,用于设置对象的初始状态。 2. rollAll方法:此方法模拟了同时掷5个骰子的行为,每个骰子的值都会被随机设置。在Python中,这可能通过使用`random`模块的`randint`函数来实现,为每个骰子生成1到6之间的随机整数。 3. roll方法:这个方法允许用户选择性地对部分骰子进行滚动,而不会改变其他骰子的值。它可能需要一个参数,例如骰子的索引或数量,以便确定哪些骰子会被重新掷出。 4. values方法:返回当前所有骰子的值。这通常会是一个列表,包含了5个整数,每个整数代表一个骰子的面值。 5. score方法:计算骰子的得分,即根据特定的规则(未在描述中具体说明)返回骰子组合的得分,可能是金钱的形式。实现这个方法时,需要知道具体的计分规则。 关于程序设计思想与方法的6到13章,内容涵盖了函数的使用和重要性: - 函数是程序设计的基本单元,它们是一组完成特定任务的语句集合。函数可以有自己的名字,通过调用这个名字来执行其内部的语句。 - 定义函数是为了使编程更加易于理解和维护。通过将大程序分解为多个小的、独立的函数,可以降低复杂性,提高代码的复用性和可读性。 - 函数可以接受参数,这些参数在调用函数时传递进去,作为函数执行时的操作对象。函数也可以有返回值,这是函数执行后产生的结果,可以通过函数调用来获取。 - 在Python中,函数定义使用`def`关键字,后跟函数名和圆括号,圆括号内可以包含参数。函数体内的代码执行后,可以使用`return`语句返回一个值。 - 示例中的生日歌程序展示了如何通过函数减少重复代码。`happy`函数负责打印生日歌的前两行,`singFred`函数则通过调用`happy`两次和打印特定名字来实现整个歌曲。通过将名字作为一个参数传递,可以创建一个通用的`singBirthday`函数,适用于任何人的生日。 - 在实际编程中,参数使得函数更具灵活性,能够处理不同的输入,而返回值则提供了函数执行结果的传递方式。通过合理使用函数,可以构建出高效、可扩展且易于维护的程序结构。"

根据以下要求编写一个python程序1. Description Ship of Fools is a simple classic dice game. It is played with five standard 6-faced dice by two or more players. - The goal of the game is to gather a 6, a 5 and a 4 (ship, captain and crew) in the mentioned order. - The sum of the two remaining dice (cargo) is preferred as high as possible. The player with the highest cargo score wins the round. Example: - In the first round turn, if a player rolls 6 4 3 3 1 (note we five dice at the beginning), the player can bank the 6 (ship), but the rest needs to be re-rolled since there is no 5. - In the second round turn, if the player rolls 6 5 4 4 (four dice, since the 6 from last turn is banked), the player can bank the 5 (captain) and the 4 (crew). The player has three choices for the remaining 6 and 4. The player can bank both and score 10 points, or re-roll one or two of the dice and hope for a higher score. - In the second round turn, if the player instead rolled 4 4 3 1, all dice needs to be re-rolled since there is no 5.程序需要包含一下几个类.The division of responsibility between the different classes is as follows. - Die: Responsible for handling randomly generated integer values between 1 and 6. - DiceCup: Handles five objects (dice) of class Die. Has the ability to bank and release dice individually. Can also roll dice that are not banked. - ShipOfFoolsGame: Responsible for the game logic and has the ability to play a round of the game resulting in a score. Also has a property that tells what accumulated score results in a winning state, for example 21. - Player: Responsible for the score of the individual player. Has the ability, given a game logic, play a round of a game. The gained score is accumulated in the attribute score. - PlayRoom: Responsible for handling a number of players and a game. Every round the room lets each player play, and afterwards check if any player has reached the winning score.

2023-06-02 上传