探索iOS SDK：从入门到精通的iPhone开发

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"这是一本关于iPhone 4开发的经典学习资料，名为《 Beginning iPhone 4 Development: Exploring the iOS SDK》，作者包括David Mark、Jack Nutting和Jeff LaMarche。本书全面介绍了为iPhone、iPad和iPod touch创建应用程序的方法。" 在深入探讨这本书的内容之前，我们先来了解一下iOS平台。iOS是所有这些设备的核心软件，它可能是近年来最吸引人的新平台。自从苹果提供了优雅且文档详尽的工具来开发iOS应用后，iOS平台的吸引力更是大大增强，特别是随着iOS 4软件开发工具包（SDK）的发布，开发环境变得更加完善。这本书的目标是帮助初学者开始构建自己的iOS应用，帮助你理解iOS应用的工作原理以及如何构建它们。作者们通过一系列小项目的实践，让你逐步掌握iOS特性和交互方式。每个项目都旨在突出特定的iOS功能，并展示如何控制或与之互动。书中首先会引导你了解iOS开发的基础知识，包括Xcode IDE的使用、Objective-C或Swift编程语言的入门，以及理解iOS应用的基本架构。接着，你将学习到界面设计，如使用Storyboard创建用户界面，以及UIControls的运用，让你的应用拥有响应用户操作的能力。随着阅读的深入，你将探索更高级的主题，例如多线程处理，使应用能在后台运行任务；Core Data框架，用于管理应用的数据存储；还有网络编程，包括HTTP请求和JSON数据解析，实现应用与服务器之间的通信。此外，你还将接触到推送通知服务，使得应用能向用户发送实时更新。对于那些对iPad和iPod touch开发感兴趣的人来说，书中的内容同样适用，因为这些设备共享相同的iOS操作系统。你将学习如何利用设备的独特特性，比如iPad的大屏幕和多任务处理能力，为不同设备定制优化的应用体验。《 Beginning iPhone 4 Development: Exploring the iOS SDK》是一本详尽的入门指南，无论你是完全的新手还是有一定编程基础的开发者，都能从中受益。通过本书，你将具备开发高质量iOS应用所需的知识和技能，踏上iOS开发的精彩旅程。

CHAPTER 2: Appeasing the Tiki Gods

Figure 2–1. The Xcode welcome window. Note that if this is the first time you are running Xcode, there will be no

recent projects. This will change as you make your way through the book.

NOTE: If you have an iOS device connected to your machine, you might see a message when you

first launch Xcode asking whether you want to use that device for development. Alternatively, a

window titled Organizer, designed to list the devices you’ll be working with, might appear. For

now, click the Ignore button or, in the case of the Organizer window, close the window. If you

choose to join the paid iOS Developer Program, you will gain access to a program portal that will

tell you how to use your iOS device for development and testing.

Create a new project by selecting File ➤ New Project..., or by pressing N, which will

bring up the New Project assistant (see Figure 2–2). The pane on the left side of the

sheet is divided into two main sections: iOS and Mac OS X.

CHAPTER 2: Appeasing the Tiki Gods

Your project window features a toolbar across the top, which gives you ready access to

a lot of commonly used commands. Below the toolbar, the window is divided into three

main sections, or panes.

The pane that runs down the left side of the window is called the Groups & Files pane.

All of the resources that make up your project are grouped here, as are a number of

relevant project settings. Just as in the Finder, clicking the little triangle to the left of an

item expands that item to show available subitems. Click the triangle again to hide the

subitems.

The top-right pane is called the Detail View (or just Detail pane) and shows you detailed

information about items selected in the Groups & Files pane. The lower-right pane is

called the Editor pane. If you select a single file in either the Groups & Files or Detail

pane and Xcode knows how to display that kind of file, the contents of the file will be

displayed in the Editor pane. Editable files, such as source code, can also be edited

here. In fact, this is where you will be writing and editing your application’s source code.

Now that we have the terminology out of the way, take a look at the Groups & Files

pane. The first item in the list should bear the same name as your project, in this case,

Hello World. This item is the gathering point for the source code and the other resources

specific to your project. For the time being, don’t worry about the items in the Groups &

Files pane except those under Hello World.

Take a look at Figure 2–4. Note that the disclosure triangle to the left of Hello World is

open, and there are five subfolders: Classes, Other Sources, Resources, Frameworks,

and Products. Let’s briefly talk about what each subfolder is used for:

 Classes is where you will spend much of your time. This is where most

of the code that you write will go, since this is where all Objective-C

classes rightfully belong. You are free to create subfolders under the

Classes folder to help organize your code. We’ll be using this folder

starting in the next chapter.

 Other Sources contains source code files that aren’t Objective-C

classes. Typically, you won’t spend a lot of time in the Other Sources

folder. When you create a new iPhone application project, there are

two files in this folder:



Hello_World_Prefix.pch: The extension .pch stands for

“precompiled header.” This is a list of header files from external

frameworks that are used by our project. Xcode will precompile

the headers contained in this file, which will reduce the amount

of time it takes to compile your project whenever you select Build

or Build and Go. It will be a while before you have to worry about

this, because the most commonly used header files are already

included for you.

 main.m: This is where your application’s main() function is. You

normally won’t need to edit or change this file.

CHAPTER 2: Appeasing the Tiki Gods

 Resources contains noncode files that will be included as part of your

application. This is where you will include files such as your

application’s icon image and other images, sound files, movie files,

text files, or property lists that your program may need while it’s

running. Remember, since your application runs in its own sandbox,

you will have to include any files you need here, because you won’t be

able to access files located elsewhere on the iPhone except through

sanctioned APIs, such as the ones that provide access to the iPhone’s

photo library and address book. There should be three items in this

folder:

 Hello_WorldViewController.xib: This file contains information

used by the program Interface Builder, which we’ll take for a spin

a bit later in this chapter.

 MainWindow.xib: This is your application’s main Interface Builder

(or “nib”) file. In a simple application like the one we’re building in

this chapter, there’s often no need to touch this file. In later

chapters, when we design more complex interfaces, we will work

with this file and look at it in more depth.

 Hello_World-Info.plist: This is a property list that contains

information about our application. We’ll look at this file a little bit

later in the chapter too.

 Frameworks are a special kind of library that can contain code as well

as resources such as image and sound files. Any framework or library

that you add to this folder will be linked in to your application, and your

code will be able to use objects, functions, and resources contained in

that framework or library. The most commonly needed frameworks

and libraries are linked in to our project by default, so most of the time,

we will not need to do anything with this folder. Less commonly used

libraries and frameworks, however, are not included by default, and

you will see how to link to them into an application later in this book.

 Products contains the application that this project produces when it is

compiled. If you expand Products, you’ll see an item called Hello

World.app. This is the application that this particular project creates.

Hello World.app is this project’s only product. Right now, Hello

World.app is listed in red, which means that the file cannot be found,

which makes sense, since we haven’t compiled our project yet!

Highlighting a file’s name in red is Xcode’s way of telling us that it

can’t find the underlying physical file.

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