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首页IEEE 1394b-2008:高性能串行总线标准详解
"IEEE 1394b-2008协议标准,是IEEE1394协议的修订版,提供了高性能串行总线的规范,由IEEE计算机学会的微处理器标准委员会赞助并批准。"
IEEE 1394b,也被称为FireWire 800或iLink(在某些Sony产品中),是IEEE 1394标准的一个重要升级,最初发布于1995年。这个2008年的修订版主要针对传输速度、连接距离和物理层的改进进行了更新,旨在满足不断增长的高速数据传输需求。
1. **传输速度**: IEEE 1394b的最大数据传输速率提升到了320Mbps、640Mbps甚至高达800Mbps,比其前身IEEE 1394a的400Mbps有了显著提升。这种高速率使得它在专业音频、视频设备以及硬盘驱动器等存储设备中广泛应用。
2. **连接距离**: 1394b协议允许更长的电缆长度,最高可达100米,这增强了设备间的远程连接能力,尤其适合大型工作环境或家庭网络中的设备布局。
3. **物理层改进**: IEEE 1394b引入了两种新的物理层实现——铜缆(Copper)和光纤(Optical)。铜缆版本提供更远的传输距离和更高的带宽,而光纤版本则提供了更大的传输距离和更好的电磁干扰防护。
4. **拓扑结构**: IEEE 1394b支持多种拓扑结构,包括星形、树形和菊花链,这使得多个设备可以灵活地连接在一起,形成一个高效的数据传输网络。
5. **EUI-64地址**: 该协议利用扩展唯一标识符-64(EUI-64)来为每个设备分配一个全球唯一的地址,确保网络中的设备能够准确识别和通信。
6. **热插拔与即插即用**: IEEE 1394b支持设备的热插拔和即插即用功能,用户可以在系统运行时添加或移除设备,无需重新启动或安装额外驱动程序。
7. **电源管理**: 除了数据传输,1394b接口还支持电源管理功能,允许设备通过接口获取电力,降低了对独立电源的需求。
8. **兼容性**: 虽然IEEE 1394b提供了更高的性能,但它仍然保持与IEEE 1394a的向后兼容性,这意味着1394b设备可以与1394a设备一起工作,但速度将受到较慢设备的限制。
IEEE 1394b-2008协议标准代表了在数字媒体和存储领域的先进连接技术,为高数据速率、可靠性和灵活性提供了基础,是专业和消费级电子设备之间高速通信的重要选择。然而,随着USB 3.0和其他高速接口的出现,其在消费市场的应用逐渐被取代,但在某些专业领域,如专业音频和视频编辑,1394b协议仍然保持着其独特地位。
xiv Copyright © 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved.
6.3.3.2 Asynchronous operation........................................................................... 163
6.3.3.3 Isochronous operation............................................................................... 166
6.4 Link layer reference code....................................................................................................... 168
7. Transaction layer specification ....................................................................................................... 171
7.1 Transaction layer services...................................................................................................... 171
7.1.1 Transaction layer bus management services for SBM.............................................. 171
7.1.1.1 Transaction control request (TR_CONTROL.request) ............................ 172
7.1.1.2 Transaction control confirmation (TR_CONTROL.confirmation).......... 172
7.1.1.3 Transaction event indication (TR_EVENT.indication)............................ 172
7.1.2 Transaction layer data services for applications and bus management..................... 172
7.1.2.1 Transaction data request (TR_DATA.request)......................................... 173
7.1.2.2 Transaction data confirmation (TR_DATA.confirmation) ...................... 173
7.1.2.3 Transaction data indication (TR_DATA.indication)................................ 174
7.1.2.4 Transaction data response (TR_DATA.response).................................... 174
7.2 Transaction facilities .............................................................................................................. 175
7.2.1 Split transaction timer................................................................................................ 175
7.2.2 Transaction retry limit............................................................................................... 175
7.3 Transaction operation............................................................................................................. 175
7.3.1 Overview of transaction layer operations.................................................................. 175
7.3.1.1 Read transactions...................................................................................... 176
7.3.1.2 Write transactions..................................................................................... 176
7.3.1.3 Lock transactions...................................................................................... 177
7.3.1.4 Response codes (rcode) ............................................................................ 177
7.3.1.5 Error handling........................................................................................... 179
7.3.2 Transaction completion definitions........................................................................... 179
7.3.2.1 Unified transaction ................................................................................... 180
7.3.2.2 Split transaction........................................................................................ 180
7.3.2.3 Concatenated transaction.......................................................................... 180
7.3.2.4 Broadcast transaction................................................................................ 180
7.3.2.5 Pending transaction................................................................................... 180
7.3.3 Details of transaction layer operation........................................................................ 180
7.3.3.1 Outbound transaction state machine......................................................... 181
7.3.3.2 Inbound transaction state machine ........................................................... 184
7.3.4 Transaction types....................................................................................................... 188
7.3.4.1 Read transactions...................................................................................... 188
7.3.4.2 Write transactions..................................................................................... 188
7.3.4.3 Lock transactions...................................................................................... 188
7.3.5 Retry protocols .......................................................................................................... 189
7.3.5.1 Outbound subaction retry protocol........................................................... 190
7.3.5.2 Inbound subaction single-phase retry protocol......................................... 191
7.3.5.3 Inbound subaction dual-phase retry protocol ........................................... 191
7.4 CSR architecture transactions mapped to serial bus .............................................................. 194
8. Serial bus management (SBM) specification.................................................................................. 197
8.1 SBM summary........................................................................................................................ 197
8.1.1 Node control.............................................................................................................. 197
8.1.2 IRM (cable environment) .......................................................................................... 197
8.1.3 IRM (backplane environment) .................................................................................. 197
8.1.4 Bus manager (cable environment)............................................................................. 197
8.2 SBM services.......................................................................................................................... 198
8.2.1 Serial bus control request (SB_CONTROL.request) ................................................ 198
Copyright © 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. xv
8.2.2 Serial bus control confirmation (SB_CONTROL.confirmation).............................. 199
8.2.3 Serial bus event indication (SB_EVENT. indication)............................................... 199
8.3 SBM facilities......................................................................................................................... 201
8.3.1 Node capabilities taxonomy ...................................................................................... 201
8.3.1.1 Repeater (cable environment)................................................................... 201
8.3.1.2 Transaction capable.................................................................................. 201
8.3.1.3 Isochronous capable ................................................................................. 202
8.3.1.4 Cycle master capable................................................................................ 202
8.3.1.5 IRM capable ............................................................................................. 202
8.3.1.6 Bus manager capable (cable environment)............................................... 202
8.3.2 Command and status registers................................................................................... 203
8.3.2.1 Reset conditions........................................................................................ 203
8.3.2.2 CSR architecture core registers ................................................................ 204
8.3.2.3 Serial-Bus-dependent registers................................................................. 209
8.3.2.4 Unit registers............................................................................................. 221
8.3.2.5 TOPOLOGY_MAP registers (cable environment) .................................. 222
8.3.2.6 Configuration ROM.................................................................................. 223
8.3.3 SBM variables ........................................................................................................... 229
8.4 SBM operations...................................................................................................................... 229
8.4.1 Bus configuration procedures (backplane environment)........................................... 229
8.4.1.1 Unmanaged bus (backplane environment) ............................................... 230
8.4.1.2 Determination of the IRM (backplane environment) ............................... 230
8.4.1.3 Determination of the cycle master (backplane environment)................... 230
8.4.2 Bus configuration procedures (cable environment) .................................................. 230
8.4.2.1 Unmanaged bus (cable environment)....................................................... 230
8.4.2.2 Prior isochronous traffic (cable environment).......................................... 231
8.4.2.3 Determination of the IRM (cable environment)....................................... 231
8.4.2.4 Reallocation of prior isochronous resources (cable environment) ........... 232
8.4.2.5 Determination of the bus manager (cable environment) .......................... 232
8.4.2.6 Determination of the cycle master (cable environment) .......................... 232
8.4.2.7 Determination of the root (cable environment) ........................................ 233
8.4.2.8 Power management by the IRM (cable environment).............................. 234
8.4.2.9 Allocation of new isochronous resources (cable environment)................ 234
8.4.3 Isochronous resource allocation (cable environment)............................................... 234
8.4.3.1 Bandwidth allocation................................................................................ 234
8.4.3.2 Channel allocation.................................................................................... 235
8.4.3.3 Bandwidth set-aside.................................................................................. 236
8.4.3.4 Isochronous requests with no cycle master .............................................. 236
8.4.4 Power management (cable environment).................................................................. 236
8.4.4.1 PHY power management.......................................................................... 237
8.4.4.2 Link power management .......................................................................... 237
8.4.4.3 Unit power management........................................................................... 237
8.4.4.4 Power management by the bus manager .................................................. 237
8.4.4.5 Power management by the IRM ............................................................... 238
8.4.5 Topology management (cable environment)............................................................. 238
8.4.5.1 Accessing the topology map..................................................................... 238
8.4.5.2 Gap count optimization ............................................................................ 239
8.4.6 Filtered packets on an asynchronous-only B_bus ..................................................... 239
8.5 Bus configuration state machines (cable environment) ......................................................... 239
8.5.1 Candidate cycle master states.................................................................................... 240
8.5.2 Candidate IRM states ................................................................................................ 241
8.5.3 Candidate bus manager states.................................................................................... 242
8.5.4 Abdication by the bus manager................................................................................. 244
xvi Copyright © 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved.
9. Short-haul copper PMD electrical specification............................................................................. 245
9.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................ 245
9.1.1 Short-haul copper PHY operation ............................................................................. 245
9.1.2 Short-haul copper physical connection specification................................................ 247
9.1.3 Interfaces ................................................................................................................... 248
9.1.4 Modes of operation.................................................................................................... 248
9.2 Data-strobe (DS) mode specification..................................................................................... 248
9.2.1 Port interface .............................................................................................................248
9.2.1.1 Signal amplitude....................................................................................... 250
9.2.1.2 Common mode voltage............................................................................. 251
9.2.1.3 Speed signaling......................................................................................... 252
9.2.1.4 Arbitration signal voltages........................................................................ 253
9.2.1.5 Input impedance ....................................................................................... 254
9.2.1.6 Noise......................................................................................................... 254
9.2.1.7 Driver and receiver fault protection.......................................................... 255
9.2.2 Media signal timing................................................................................................... 255
9.2.2.1 Data rate.................................................................................................... 255
9.2.2.2 Data signal rise and fall times................................................................... 255
9.2.2.3 Jitter and skew .......................................................................................... 256
9.2.3 Coding ....................................................................................................................... 256
9.2.4 DS PHY signals......................................................................................................... 256
9.2.5 DS PHY line states.................................................................................................... 257
9.2.6 Cable PHY timing constants ..................................................................................... 259
9.2.7 Gap timing.................................................................................................................264
9.2.8 Speed signal sampling and filtering .......................................................................... 265
9.2.9 Data transmission and reception................................................................................ 266
9.2.9.1 Data transmission ..................................................................................... 266
9.2.9.2 Data reception and repeat ......................................................................... 267
9.3 Beta mode specification ......................................................................................................... 267
9.3.1 Transmitter electrical specifications.......................................................................... 267
9.3.2 Receiver electrical specifications .............................................................................. 271
9.3.2.1 S3200 equalization ................................................................................... 275
9.3.3 Electrical measurements............................................................................................ 275
9.3.3.1 Transmit rise and fall time........................................................................ 275
9.3.3.2 Transmit skew........................................................................................... 275
9.3.3.3 Transmit eye (normalized and absolute) .................................................. 276
9.3.3.4 Rise and fall time setting for receiver jitter tolerance test........................ 276
9.3.3.5 Skew setting for receiver jitter tolerance test ........................................... 276
9.3.3.6 Receiver jitter tolerance............................................................................ 277
9.3.3.7 Minimum amplitude for receiver jitter tolerance test............................... 277
9.3.3.8 S3200 BER ............................................................................................... 278
9.3.3.9 S3200 electrical test configuration ........................................................... 278
9.3.4 DC biasing.................................................................................................................278
9.3.5 Toning and signal detect............................................................................................ 279
9.3.5.1 Connection tone........................................................................................ 279
9.3.5.2 PMD signal detect function...................................................................... 280
9.3.5.3 Application note ....................................................................................... 281
9.3.6 Jitter specifications.................................................................................................... 281
9.3.7 Intrapair skew............................................................................................................ 285
9.3.8 Termination and isolation.......................................................................................... 285
9.3.8.1 Bilingual port termination and isolation................................................... 285
9.3.8.2 Beta-only port termination and isolation.................................................. 286
9.3.8.3
PIL-FOP term
ination and isolation........................................................... 287
Copyright © 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. xvii
9.4 Cable power and ground ........................................................................................................ 288
9.4.1 Node power classes ................................................................................................... 288
9.4.2 Ground isolation........................................................................................................ 290
9.4.2.1 Primary power providers .......................................................................... 291
9.4.2.2 Secondary power provider........................................................................ 291
9.4.3 Protection against late VG......................................................................................... 291
10. Glass optical fiber (GOF) PMD specification................................................................................. 295
10.1 PMD block diagram ............................................................................................................... 296
10.2 PMD-to-MDI optical specifications....................................................................................... 296
10.3 Transmitter optical specifications ..........................................................................................297
10.4 Receiver optical specifications............................................................................................... 297
10.5 Worst-case connection optical power budget and penalties................................................... 298
10.6 Optical jitter specifications..................................................................................................... 299
10.7 Optical measurement requirements........................................................................................ 301
10.7.1 Center wavelength and spectral width measurements............................................... 301
10.7.2 Optical power measurements .................................................................................... 301
10.7.3 Extinction ratio measurements .................................................................................. 301
10.7.4 Relative intensity noise (RIN)................................................................................... 301
10.7.5 Transmitter optical waveform (transmit eye)............................................................ 301
10.7.6 Transmit rise and fall characteristics......................................................................... 302
10.7.7 Receiver sensitivity measurements............................................................................ 303
10.7.8 Jitter measurements ................................................................................................... 303
10.8 CPR measurement.................................................................................................................. 303
10.9 Optical connection cabling model.......................................................................................... 303
10.9.1 Characteristics of the fiber optic medium ................................................................. 303
10.9.2 Optical fiber and cable............................................................................................... 304
10.9.3 Multimode connector insertion loss .......................................................................... 304
10.9.4 Optical connection return loss................................................................................... 304
10.10Optical connection ................................................................................................................. 304
10.11Fiber launch conditions: OFL ................................................................................................ 305
11. PMD specification of fiber media with PN connector.................................................................... 307
11.1 Scope...................................................................................................................................... 307
11.2 PMD block diagram ............................................................................................................... 308
11.3 Cables..................................................................................................................................... 308
11.4 Connector ............................................................................................................................... 309
11.5 Connector and cable assembly performance criteria.............................................................. 310
11.6 Optical fiber interface............................................................................................................. 310
11.7 Optical jitter specifications..................................................................................................... 310
11.8 Permitted number of segments............................................................................................... 310
12. Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) PMD specification ....................................................................... 315
12.1 Overview................................................................................................................................ 316
12.2 PMD block diagram ............................................................................................................... 316
12.3 Operation of UTP connections............................................................................................... 316
12.4 Media specification ................................................................................................................ 317
12.4.1 100 Ohm UTP connection segment specification..................................................... 317
12.4.2 100 Ohm UTP cable specification............................................................................ 317
12.4.3 Connecting hardware................................................................................................. 317
12.4.4 Media interface connector......................................................................................... 318
xviii Copyright © 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved.
12.4.5 Autocrossover............................................................................................................ 319
12.5 PMD electrical specifications................................................................................................. 319
12.5.1 Galvanic isolation...................................................................................................... 319
12.5.2 Transmitter specifications ......................................................................................... 320
12.5.3 Receiver specifications.............................................................................................. 323
12.5.3.1 Receiver input signals............................................................................... 323
12.5.3.2 PMD signal detect function...................................................................... 323
12.6 PMD implementation............................................................................................................. 325
13. Beta mode port specification........................................................................................................... 327
13.1 Overview................................................................................................................................ 327
13.2 Port functions ......................................................................................................................... 328
13.2.1 Overview ................................................................................................................... 328
13.2.2 Naming conventions.................................................................................................. 329
13.2.3 Control mapping........................................................................................................ 329
13.2.4 Request types.............................................................................................................330
13.2.4.1 BOSS arbitration request mapping........................................................... 330
13.2.4.2 Configuration requests.............................................................................. 332
13.2.5 Scrambling................................................................................................................. 332
13.2.5.1 Data scrambling........................................................................................ 333
13.2.5.2 Request symbol scrambling...................................................................... 334
13.2.5.3 Control symbol scrambling ...................................................................... 335
13.2.6 Coding ....................................................................................................................... 336
13.2.6.1 8B/10B character coding for data and request types ................................ 336
13.2.6.2 Control coding.......................................................................................... 346
13.2.7 Character transmission .............................................................................................. 348
13.2.8 Decoding.................................................................................................................... 348
13.2.8.1 Bit and character synchronization ............................................................ 348
13.2.8.2 Data and control character decoding and error detection......................... 348
13.2.8.3 Special character decoding....................................................................... 348
13.2.9 Receiver running disparity ........................................................................................ 348
13.2.10 Descrambling.............................................................................................................349
13.3 Beta mode port operation....................................................................................................... 349
13.3.1 Transmit operations................................................................................................... 349
13.3.1.1 Control transmission................................................................................. 349
13.3.1.2 Request transmission................................................................................ 350
13.3.1.3 Packet transmission .................................................................................. 350
13.3.1.4 Speed signaling......................................................................................... 351
13.3.1.5 Payload transmission................................................................................ 352
13.3.2 Receive operations..................................................................................................... 353
13.3.2.1 Port training.............................................................................................. 353
13.3.2.2 Control reception ...................................................................................... 354
13.3.2.3 Request type reception.............................................................................. 354
13.3.2.4 DATA_PREFIX reception ....................................................................... 355
13.3.2.5 Speed code determination......................................................................... 355
13.3.2.6
Payload reception ........
............................................................................. 356
13.3.2.7 Error reporting.......................................................................................... 357
13.4 Beta port state machines......................................................................................................... 357
13.4.1 Port transmit state machine ....................................................................................... 358
13.4.2 Port receive state machine......................................................................................... 359
14. Connection management................................................................................................................. 361
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