入门统计编程：R语言详解及其应用

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"《开始R：统计编程入门指南》（Begining R: An Introduction to Statistical Programming）是一本由Larry Pace编写的书籍，专注于向初学者介绍统计编程语言R。R在当今的IT行业中占据着重要地位，尤其在生物信息学和数据分析领域，因其丰富的功能和强大的统计分析工具而备受青睐。R语言以其广泛的使用、强大的函数库和卓越的绘图能力著称。本书涵盖了R的基本概念和语法，从安装和配置环境开始，逐步引导读者学习如何执行数据处理、数据清洗、数据可视化以及基本的统计分析。R语言的特点包括其面向对象的编程特性，这使得代码组织和复用更为高效。此外，书中还会涉及R的控制结构、函数编写、包管理以及与其他编程语言的交互，让读者能够全面理解这个统计分析工具的工作原理。 R的核心是其强大的统计计算功能，包括线性回归、时间序列分析、聚类分析等，这些都是生物信息学研究中的常用技术。同时，R的ggplot2和其他图形包提供了丰富的图表类型，如散点图、直方图、箱线图等，帮助用户清晰地呈现复杂的数据模式和发现。对于初学者来说，书中可能包含大量的实例和练习，通过实践来巩固理论知识。此外，版权方面，所有内容受版权保护，未经Springer出版社许可，不得进行复制或任何形式的再利用，除非是为了学术评论或教学目的，并且必须通过Springer的权益链接系统获取权限。《开始R：统计编程入门指南》是一本理想的资源，不仅适合希望学习统计编程的新手，也对现有R使用者提供实用的提升和进阶指导。无论是为了科研还是职业发展，掌握R语言都能为你的工作增添强大而灵活的工具。"

xvii

About the Author

Larry Pace is a statistics author, educator, and consultant. He lives in the

upstate area of South Carolina in the town of Anderson. He earned his Ph.D.

from the University of Georgia in psychometrics (applied statistics) with a

content major in industrial-organizational psychology. He has written more

than 100 publications including books, articles, chapters, and book and test

reviews. In addition to a 35-year academic career, Larry has worked in private

industry as a personnel psychologist and organization eectiveness manager

for Xerox Corporation, and as an organization development consultant for

a private consulting rm. He has programmed in a variety of languages and

scripting languages including FORTRAN-IV, BASIC, APL, C++, JavaScript,

Visual Basic, PHP, and ASP. Larry has won numerous awards for teaching,

research, and service. He is currently a Graduate Research Professor at Keiser

University, where he teaches doctoral courses in statistics and research. He

also teaches adjunct classes for Clemson University. When he is not reading

and writing about statistics, helping others with their statistical analyses,

teaching, and doing research, he likes to build spreadsheet models for various

statistical analyses, tend a small vegetable garden, play his guitar, and cook on

the grill. He is married to Shirley Pace, and the Paces have four grown children

and two grandsons. e Paces are volunteers with Meals on Wheels and avid

pet lovers with six cats and one dog, all rescued.

xxiii

Introduction

is is a beginning to intermediate book on the statistical language and computing environment called R. As

you will learn, R is freely available and open source. ousands of contributed packages are available from

members of the R community. In this book, you learn how to get R, install it, use it as a command-line interpreted

language, program in it, write custom functions, use it for the most common descriptive and inferential statistics,

and write an R package. You also learn some “newer” statistical techniques including bootstrapping and

simulation, as well as how to use R graphical user interfaces (GUIs) including RStudio and RCommander.

Who is Book Is For

is book is for working professionals who need to learn R to perform statistical analyses. Additionally, statistics

students and professors will nd this book helpful as a textbook, a supplement for a statistical computing class,

or a reference for various statistical analyses. Both statisticians who want to learn R and R programmers who

need a refresher on statistics will benet from the clear examples, the hands-on nature of the book, and the

conversational style in which the book is written.

How is Book Is Structured

is book is structured in 20 chapters, each of which covers the use of R for a particular purpose. In the rst

three chapters, you learn how to get and install R and R packages, how to program in R, and how to write

custom functions. e standard descriptive statistics and graphics are covered in Chapters 4 to 7.

Chapters 8 to 14 cover the customary hypothesis tests concerning means, correlation and regression, and

multiple regression. Chapter 14 introduces logistic regression. Chapter 15 covers chi-square tests. Following

the standard nonparametric procedures in Chapter 16, Chapters 17 and 18 introduce simulation and the “new”

statistics including bootstrapping and permutation tests. e nal two chapters cover making an R package and

using the RCommander package as a point-and-click statistics interface.

Conventions

In this book, we use TheSansMonoConNormalfont to show R code both inline and as code segments. e R code is

typically shown as you would see it in the R Console or the R Editor. All hyperlinks shown in this book were active

at the time of printing. Hyperlinks are shown in the following fashion:

http://www.apress.com

When you use the mouse to select from the menus in R or an R GUI, the instructions will appear as shown

below. For example, you may be directed to install a package by using the Packages menu in the RGui. e

instructions will state simply to select Packages ° Install packages... (the ellipsis points mean that an

additional dialog box or window will open when you click Install packages). In the current example, you will

see a list of mirror sites from which you can download and install R packages.

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