Linux双机部署:Nginx与Keepalived的详尽安装教程

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在Linux系统中,安装Nginx和Keepalived是一项常见的任务,尤其对于搭建高可用负载均衡集群至关重要。本文将详细介绍如何在两台接入服务器上进行这两款软件的安装以及配置过程,包括可能出现的问题解决方案。 首先,确保服务器上安装必要的依赖包,这些包包括GCC、PCRE-devel、Zlib-devel、OpenSSL-devel等,这些是构建Nginx和Keepalived所需的基础库。通过`yum install`命令来安装它们: 1. 安装依赖包: ``` sudo yum install gcc pcre-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel ``` 接着,下载Nginx和Keepalived的源代码: - Nginx: ``` wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.2.4.tar.gz ``` - Keepalived: ``` wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.7.tar.gz ``` 对下载的文件进行解压并进入相应目录: - 对Nginx: ``` tar zxvf nginx-1.2.4.tar.gz cd nginx-1.2.4 ``` - 对Keepalived: ``` tar zxvf keepalived-1.2.7.tar.gz cd keepalived-1.2.7 ``` 配置并编译安装: - Nginx: ``` ./configure --with-http_stub_status_module make && makeinstall ``` - Keepalived: ``` ./configure make makeinstall ``` 为了确保Nginx和Keepalived作为服务自动启动,将它们添加到系统启动脚本中: ``` sudo cp /usr/local/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/rc.d/init.d/ sudo cp /usr/local/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/ ``` 创建Keepalived的配置目录和复制配置文件: ``` sudo mkdir /etc/keepalived sudo cp /usr/local/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/ sudo cp /usr/local/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/ ``` 最后,在`/etc/rc.local`中添加启动Nginx和Keepalived的服务: ``` echo "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" >> /etc/rc.local echo "/etc/init.d/keepalived start" >> /etc/rc.local ``` 配置Nginx时,确保两台接入服务器的配置文件(如`/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf`)保持一致,主要关注HTTP块下的设置。对于多域名,使用虚拟主机(`server`块)来指向不同的域名;同一域名下的不同虚拟目录则通过多个`location`块来区分。负载均衡到后端服务器时,使用`upstream`定义一组服务器,然后在`server`或`location`块中通过`proxy_pass`指令引用。 例如,一个基本的Nginx HTTP配置可能如下: ```nginx http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; upstream backend_servers { server server1.example.com; server server2.example.com; } server { listen 80; server_name www.example.com example.com; location /path1 { proxy_pass http://backend_servers; } location /path2 { proxy_pass http://backend_servers; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; } } } ``` 在这个配置中,`www.example.com`和`example.com`都将流量分发到`server1.example.com`和`server2.example.com`,根据`location`中的路径进行不同的处理。 这个教程详细介绍了在Linux系统中安装Nginx和Keepalived,包括安装依赖、下载源码、配置编译、服务集成及Nginx的负载均衡配置。通过遵循这些步骤,用户可以建立起一个具备高可用性的网站服务器集群。在实际操作过程中,可能需要根据网络环境和具体需求进行适当的调整。