SAP批次管理详解

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"SAP批量管理（SAP Batch Management）" SAP批量管理是SAP系统中的一个重要组件，用于处理和优化生产过程中的批量作业。它提供了全面的工具和功能，以确保制造流程的效率和质量控制。在SAP中，批处理管理（LO-BM）模块主要用于那些需要按照特定批次生产的产品，如药品、食品和化学制品等，这些行业对产品的可追溯性和一致性有严格要求。批量管理的主要功能包括： 1. **批次定义与跟踪**：在SAP Batch Management中，可以定义并追踪每个生产批次的详细信息，包括原材料来源、生产工艺、生产日期、有效期等，这有助于确保产品在整个生命周期内的可追溯性。 2. **质量控制**：通过批量管理，可以执行严格的质量检查和测试，确保每个批次的产品都达到预设的标准。如果发现质量问题，系统可以快速定位问题批次，并采取相应措施。 3. **配方管理**：支持多版本配方管理，允许根据不同的市场需求或法规要求调整产品配方，同时保证生产过程的稳定性。 4. **资源规划**：协助企业优化生产计划，合理分配资源，确保批量生产时的效率和产能利用率。 5. **库存管理**：集成SAP的库存管理系统，实现对原材料和成品的实时库存监控，减少过度库存和短缺情况。 6. **文档管理**：提供文档管理功能，方便存储和访问与批次相关的技术文档、检验报告等，便于审核和合规性检查。 7. **接口集成**：与其他SAP模块（如PP - Production Planning、QM - Quality Management等）无缝集成，确保数据的一致性和准确性。 8. **报告与分析**：提供丰富的报告工具，以便进行性能分析、成本计算和业务决策支持。 9. **合规性**：符合GMP（Good Manufacturing Practice）和其他行业标准，确保产品生产和质量管理的合规性。 10. **灵活性与可扩展性**：SAP Batch Management设计灵活，可以根据企业的具体需求进行定制，同时能够随着企业的发展和业务变化进行扩展。在实施SAP Batch Management时，企业应考虑其现有的IT基础设施，如数据库（如Oracle、IBM DB2等）、操作系统（如Microsoft Windows、Unix等）以及可能需要的第三方软件集成。此外，培训和用户接受度也是成功实施的关键因素。 SAP Batch Management是一个强大的工具，它为企业提供了一套完整的解决方案，以提高批量生产的效率、质量和合规性，降低运营成本，同时增强客户满意度。

Batch Management (LO-BM) SAP AG

Batch Specifications

16 April 2001

Batch Specifications

Purpose

Batch specifications describe the technical, physical and/or chemical properties of a batch. You

store batch specifications, such as batch status or active ingredient potency, as characteristics in

the Classification System.

Batches of car paint are specified by color value, viscosity and expiration date. You

store the characteristics color value, viscosity and expiration date for these

properties in the classification system and assign the respective values to each

individual batch.

You can use the classification system to assign the material specifications to the material of a

batch. These material specifications are assigned to the same class as the batches of the

materials. Thus you can store the target values of a batch with the respective tolerance range.

These target values are, for instance, used in quality inspection or during the goods receipt

transaction, if it is necessary to immediately classify a batch. The values are also employed for

the usability check.

The graphic below shows the link between material specification and batch specification:

Class

Characteristic M1: a - h

Characteristic M2: v - z

Characteristic M3: k - p

Material

Batch 01

Characteristic M1: d

Characteristic M2: x

Characteristic M3: m

Actual Values

Characteristic M1: d - f

Characteristic M2: x - z

Characteristic M3: m - p

Target Ranges

Batch 02

Characteristic M1: f

Characteristic M2: z

Characteristic M3: p

Actual Values

Batch 03

Characteristic M1: e

Characteristic M2: y

Characteristic M3: n

Actual Values

In the material, you store the target ranges for all characteristics. As the batch belongs to the

same class as the material, the batch automatically receives the characteristics of the material.

For each individual batch, you enter the exact actual values.

Batch Management (LO-BM) SAP AG

Specifications in the Classification System

18 April 2001

Specifications in the Classification System

Purpose

This process describes how you create specifications for a material and its batches.

Process Flow

1. You define properties of the material and its batches and store them as characteristics in the

classification system.

You can define all those properties that you consider important and useful for batch

determination [Page 53] as characteristics.

If you create a numerical characteristic, you must enter a unit of measurement. If you

do not enter the unit of measurement, you cannot link the characteristics to the

master characteristics of the

Quality Management component.

2. You create classes for the material and the batches and assign the characteristics to the

classes.

You can use the same class for different materials.

Class type

You must assign the class to a class type. There are two class types of the category

Batch for batches and their materials:

– 022 at plant level

– 023 at client or material level

3. You create the material master record, assign the desired class to the material and assign

characteristics to the material.

– You can store tolerance ranges for the batches of the material in the material master

record. This is possible as the material and the batches are in the same class.

– You can assign only one class of the class type “batch” (022, 023) to each material.

This means that multiple classification is not possible.

– You can only create batches for a material if the material is to be handled in batches.

To do this, you must set the

Batch management indicator in the material master

record. Depending on the material type, you will find this indicator in either the

Purchasing view, the Work Scheduling view, or the Storage view.

– The replenishment lead time should not be considered in the dynamic availability

check for batches, since batches are not reproducible. In the General Sales view, or

in the MRP view, choose availability check group

CH. Group CH takes the identical

inward and outward movements as group 01 into account, but does not consider the

replenishment lead time. For further information, see section Types of Availability

Check in Sales and Distribution Processing [Ext.] in the SD - Sales and Distribution

Processing documentation.

4. Depending on the system settings, you create the batch master record manually, or you let

the system carry this out automatically.

SAP AG Batch Management (LO-BM)

Specifications in the Classification System

April 2001 19

Assigning Actual Values to a Batch

Actual values can be assigned to batches in the following ways:

– The system automatically transfers the inspection results from Quality Management

(QM) if the master inspection characteristics are linked to the general characteristics.

See section General Characteristic [Ext.] in the

QM – Basic Data documentation.

– You can use a customer exit in the background to assign values to characteristics

that are not from QM (time of goods receipt, for example). All required goods

movement data is available in the customer exit interface. The data is controlled

according to the movement type. You make the necessary settings in Customizing for

Batch Management, under Batch valuation → Customer Exit for classification of user-

defined characstic

– You enter the actual value manually.

For each movement type you can configure the system so that it branches

automatically, or only on request to the classification system. See Customizing for

Batch Management under Define batch creation for goods movements.

The characteristic values are contained under the Characteristics node (Logistics →

Central Functions → Classification → Master Data → Characteristics). The material

master record (

Logistics → Materials Management → Material Master → Material →

Display) contains the values that you have assigned to the material. To display the

characteristic value assignment for a batch, go to the batch master record (

Logistics

→ Central Functions → Batch Management → Batch → Display) or the object list

(

Logistics → Central Functions → Classification → Environment → Reporting → Object

List

Result

• The system recognizes that the material is to be handled in batches.

• You must enter a batch number for each goods movement of this material.

• You can create batch master records. See also Creating a Batch Master Record [Page 35].

You can also use batch management for materials that are assigned a serial number

profile.

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