Ubuntu 14.04 OpenStack Kilo安装指南

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本资源是《OpenStack Kilo安装指南（英文版）》针对Ubuntu 14.04的官方文档，发布日期为2016年5月10日。OpenStack Kilo是OpenStack项目中的一个稳定版本，它由多个关键组件构成，包括但不限于Compute（计算服务）、Identity Service（身份服务）、Networking（网络服务）、Image Service（镜像服务）、Block Storage（块存储）、Object Storage（对象存储）、Telemetry（监控服务）、Orchestration（编排服务）以及Database（数据库）。这份指南详尽地指导用户如何通过Ubuntu 14.04提供的软件包进行OpenStack的安装。安装过程注重实用性，允许用户根据实际需求单独或组合安装这些项目，并提供了配置选项的解释以及样本配置文件。文档强调所有操作都必须遵循Apache License 2.0，这意味着在使用此指南时，用户需要确保符合该许可证的条款。如果法律要求或用户协议有特殊规定，可能需要遵守额外的授权要求，这些可以在http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0获取到。该指南的目标读者是对OpenStack有兴趣并打算在Ubuntu 14.04环境中部署和管理云基础设施的系统管理员和技术人员。内容涵盖了从基础安装步骤到高级配置的详细流程，对于理解和实施OpenStack Kilo在企业级环境中的部署具有很高的参考价值。学习者可以根据自己的实际需求，如云服务的规模、安全性和性能要求，选择适合的组件和配置策略。

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OpenStack Installation Guide for

Ubuntu 14.04

May 10, 2016 kilo

Figure1.6.Minimal architecture example with legacy networking (nova-

network)—Network layout

OpenStack Installation Guide for

Ubuntu 14.04

May 10, 2016 kilo

2. Basic environment

Table of Contents

Before you begin .......................................................................................................... 11

Security ......................................................................................................................... 12

Networking ................................................................................................................... 13

Network Time Protocol (NTP) ........................................................................................ 24

OpenStack packages ..................................................................................................... 26

SQL database ................................................................................................................ 27

Message queue ............................................................................................................. 29

Note

The trunk version of this guide focuses on the future Kilo release and will not

work for the current Juno release. If you want to install Juno, you must use the

Juno version of this guide instead.

This chapter explains how to configure each node in the example architectures including

the two-node architecture with legacy networking and three-node architecture with Open-

Stack Networking (neutron).

Note

Although most environments include Identity, Image service, Compute, at least

one networking service, and the dashboard, the Object Storage service can op-

erate independently. If your use case only involves Object Storage, you can skip

to Chapter9, “Add Object Storage” [108] after configuring the appropriate

nodes for it. However, the dashboard requires at least the Image service and

Compute.

Note

You must use an account with administrative privileges to configure each node.

Either run the commands as the root user or configure the sudo utility.

Before you begin

For best performance, we recommend that your environment meets or exceeds the hard-

ware requirements in Figure1.2, “Minimal architecture example with OpenStack Network-

ing (neutron)—Hardware requirements” [4] or Figure1.5, “Minimal architecture example

with legacy networking (nova-network)—Hardware requirements” [8]. However, Open-

Stack does not require a significant amount of resources and the following minimum re-

quirements should support a proof-of-concept environment with core services and several

CirrOS instances:

• Controller Node: 1 processor, 2 GB memory, and 5 GB storage

OpenStack Installation Guide for

Ubuntu 14.04

May 10, 2016 kilo

• Network Node: 1 processor, 512 MB memory, and 5 GB storage

• Compute Node: 1 processor, 2 GB memory, and 10 GB storage

To minimize clutter and provide more resources for OpenStack, we recommend a minimal

installation of your Linux distribution. Also, we strongly recommend that you install a 64-

bit version of your distribution on at least the compute node. If you install a 32-bit version

of your distribution on the compute node, attempting to start an instance using a 64-bit im-

age will fail.

Note

A single disk partition on each node works for most basic installations. Howev-

er, you should consider Logical Volume Manager (LVM) for installations with op-

tional services such as Block Storage.

Many users build their test environments on virtual machines (VMs). The primary benefits of

VMs include the following:

• One physical server can support multiple nodes, each with almost any number of net-

work interfaces.

• Ability to take periodic "snap shots" throughout the installation process and "roll back" to

a working configuration in the event of a problem.

However, VMs will reduce performance of your instances, particularly if your hypervisor

and/or processor lacks support for hardware acceleration of nested VMs.

Note

If you choose to install on VMs, make sure your hypervisor permits promiscuous

mode and disables MAC address filtering on the external network.

For more information about system requirements, see the OpenStack Operations Guide.

Security

OpenStack services support various security methods including password, policy, and en-

cryption. Additionally, supporting services including the database server and message bro-

ker support at least password security.

To ease the installation process, this guide only covers password security where applicable.

You can create secure passwords manually, generate them using a tool such as pwgen, or

by running the following command:

$ openssl rand -hex 10

For OpenStack services, this guide uses SERVICE_PASS to reference service account pass-

words and SERVICE_DBPASS to reference database passwords.

The following table provides a list of services that require passwords and their associated

references in the guide:

OpenStack Installation Guide for

Ubuntu 14.04

May 10, 2016 kilo

Table2.1.Passwords

Password name Description

Database password (no variable used) Root password for the database

ADMIN_PASS Password of user admin

CEILOMETER_DBPASS Database password for the Telemetry service

CEILOMETER_PASS Password of Telemetry service user ceilometer

CINDER_DBPASS Database password for the Block Storage service

CINDER_PASS Password of Block Storage service user cinder

DASH_DBPASS Database password for the dashboard

DEMO_PASS Password of user demo

GLANCE_DBPASS Database password for Image service

GLANCE_PASS Password of Image service user glance

HEAT_DBPASS Database password for the Orchestration service

HEAT_DOMAIN_PASS Password of Orchestration domain

HEAT_PASS Password of Orchestration service user heat

KEYSTONE_DBPASS Database password of Identity service

NEUTRON_DBPASS Database password for the Networking service

NEUTRON_PASS Password of Networking service user neutron

NOVA_DBPASS Database password for Compute service

NOVA_PASS Password of Compute service user nova

RABBIT_PASS Password of user guest of RabbitMQ

SAHARA_DBPASS Database password of Data processing service

SWIFT_PASS Password of Object Storage service user swift

TROVE_DBPASS Database password of Database service

TROVE_PASS Password of Database service user trove

OpenStack and supporting services require administrative privileges during installation and

operation. In some cases, services perform modifications to the host that can interfere with

deployment automation tools such as Ansible, Chef, and Puppet. For example, some Open-

Stack services add a root wrapper to sudo that can interfere with security policies. See the

Cloud Administrator Guide for more information. Also, the Networking service assumes de-

fault values for kernel network parameters and modifies firewall rules. To avoid most issues

during your initial installation, we recommend using a stock deployment of a supported dis-

tribution on your hosts. However, if you choose to automate deployment of your hosts, re-

view the configuration and policies applied to them before proceeding further.

Networking

After installing the operating system on each node for the architecture that you choose to

deploy, you must configure the network interfaces. We recommend that you disable any

automated network management tools and manually edit the appropriate configuration

files for your distribution. For more information on how to configure networking on your

distribution, see the documentation.

All nodes require Internet access for administrative purposes such as package installation,

security updates, DNS, and NTP. In most cases, nodes should obtain Internet access through

the management network interface. To highlight the importance of network separation,

the example architectures use private address space for the management network and as-

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