JavaScript权威指南第六版

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"这是一本全面讲解JavaScript的英文书籍，具有书签功能，便于查阅。" 《JavaScript: The Definitive Guide》第六版由David Flanagan撰写，是JavaScript编程领域的一部权威著作。这本书深入浅出地介绍了JavaScript语言的核心概念、语法和特性，旨在帮助读者全面理解和掌握这种广泛应用于Web开发的脚本语言。在本书中，读者可以期待以下关键知识点： 1. **基础语法**：书中会详细阐述JavaScript的基础语法，包括变量、数据类型（如字符串、数字、布尔值、null和undefined）、运算符、流程控制（条件语句、循环）以及函数定义和调用。 2. **对象与作用域**：深入探讨JavaScript的对象模型，包括原型链、构造函数、对象字面量和属性访问器。同时，解释变量的作用域规则，包括全局作用域、局部作用域以及闭包。 3. **数组与集合**：介绍JavaScript中的数组和数组方法，如push、pop、shift、unshift、splice等，以及Set和Map等ES6新增的集合类型。 4. **函数式编程**：讲解函数作为一等公民的概念，高阶函数的使用，以及函数组合、柯里化等函数式编程技巧。 5. **异步编程**：涵盖事件循环、回调函数、Promise、async/await等处理异步操作的方法，帮助开发者理解JavaScript的非阻塞执行模型。 6. **DOM操作**：介绍如何使用JavaScript操作文档对象模型（DOM），包括元素的选择、添加、删除、属性修改和事件处理。 7. **AJAX与Fetch API**：讲解如何进行异步数据交换，包括XMLHttpRequest对象的使用和新的Fetch API。 8. **ES6及后续版本的新特性**：涵盖ES6（ECMAScript 2015）及之后版本引入的新功能，如类、模块、箭头函数、模板字符串、解构赋值等。 9. **错误处理**：介绍如何在JavaScript中捕获和处理错误，包括try/catch语句和自定义错误对象。 10. **性能优化**：提供关于编写高性能JavaScript代码的策略，包括内存管理、代码优化和避免常见的性能陷阱。 11. **浏览器兼容性**：讨论不同浏览器之间的差异，以及如何使用条件语句或库（如jQuery）来处理兼容性问题。 12. **测试与调试**：介绍JavaScript的测试工具和调试技巧，如断点、日志记录和性能分析。 13. **安全问题**：讲解JavaScript中可能遇到的安全风险，如跨站脚本攻击（XSS）和跨站请求伪造（CSRF）及其防范措施。通过阅读《JavaScript: The Definitive Guide》，无论是初学者还是经验丰富的开发者，都能加深对JavaScript的理解，提升编写高效、可靠和可维护代码的能力。这本书不仅适合个人自学，也适合作为教学或企业培训的教材。

A Note About Piracy

If you are reading a digital version of this book that you (or your employer) did not pay

for (or borrow from someone who did) then you probably have an illegally pirated copy.

Writing the sixth edition of this book was a full-time job, and it took more than a year.

The only way I get paid for that time is when readers actually buy the book. And the

only way I can afford to work on a seventh edition is if I get paid for the sixth.

I do not condone piracy, but if you have a pirated copy, go ahead and read a couple of

chapters. I think that you’ll find that this is a valuable source of information about

JavaScript, better organized and of higher quality than what you can find freely (and

legally) available on the Web. If you agree that this is a valuable source of information,

then please pay for that value by purchasing a legal copy (either digital or print) of the

book. On the other hand, if you find that this book is no more valuable than the free

information on the web, then please discard your pirated copy and use those free

information sources.

Conventions Used in This Book

I use the following typographical conventions in this book:

Italic

Is used for emphasis and to indicate the first use of a term. Italic is also used for

email addresses, URLs and file names.

Constant width

Is used in all JavaScript code and CSS and HTML listings, and generally for any-

thing that you would type literally when programming.

Constant width italic

Is used for the names of function parameters, and generally as a placeholder to

indicate an item that should be replaced with an actual value in your program.

Example Code

The examples in this book are available online. You can find them linked from the

book’s catalog page at the publisher’s website:

http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596805531/

This book is here to help you get your job done. In general, you may use the code in

this book in your programs and documentation. You do not need to contact O’Reilly

for permission unless you’re reproducing a significant portion of the code. For example,

writing a program that uses several chunks of code from this book does not require

permission. Selling or distributing a CD-ROM of examples from O’Reilly books does

require permission. Answering a question by citing this book and quoting example

xiv | Preface

code does not require permission. Incorporating a significant amount of example code

from this book into your product’s documentation does require permission.

If you use the code from this book, I appreciate, but do not require, attribution. An

attribution usually includes the title, author, publisher, and ISBN. For example: “Java-

nagan, 978-0-596-80552-4.”

For more details on the O’Reilly code reuse policy, see http://oreilly.com/pub/a/oreilly/

ask_tim/2001/codepolicy.html. If you feel your use of the examples falls outside of the

permission given above, feel free to contact O’Reilly at permissions@oreilly.com.

Errata and How to Contact Us

The publisher maintains a public list of errors found in this book. You can view the

list, and submit the errors you find, by visiting the book’s web page:

http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596805531

To comment or ask technical questions about this book, send email to:

bookquestions@oreilly.com

For more information about our books, conferences, Resource Centers, and the

O’Reilly Network, see our website at:

http://www.oreilly.com

Find us on Facebook: http://facebook.com/oreilly

Watch us on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/oreillymedia

Acknowledgments

Many people have helped me with the creation of this book. I’d like to thank my editor,

Mike Loukides, for trying to keep me on schedule and for his insightful comments.

Thanks also to my technical reviewers: Zachary Kessin, who reviewed many of the

chapters in Part I, and Raffaele Cecco, who reviewed Chapter 19 and the <canvas>

material in Chapter 21. The production team at O’Reilly has done their usual fine job:

Dan Fauxsmith managed the production process, Teresa Elsey was the production

editor, Rob Romano drew the figures, and Ellen Troutman Zaig created the index.

In this era of effortless electronic communication, it is impossible to keep track of all

those who influence and inform us. I’d like to thank everyone who has answered my

questions on the es5, w3c, and whatwg mailing lists, and everyone who has shared their

insightful ideas about JavaScript programming online. I’m sorry I can’t list you all by

Preface | xv

JavaScript: Names and Versions

JavaScript was created at Netscape in the early days of the Web, and technically, “Java-

Script” is a trademark licensed from Sun Microsystems (now Oracle) used to describe

Netscape’s (now Mozilla’s) implementation of the language. Netscape submitted the

language for standardization to ECMA—the European Computer Manufacturer’s As-

sociation—and because of trademark issues, the standardized version of the language

was stuck with the awkward name “ECMAScript.” For the same trademark reasons,

Microsoft’s version of the language is formally known as “JScript.” In practice, just

about everyone calls the language JavaScript. This book uses the name “ECMAScript”

only to refer to the language standard.

For the last decade, all web browsers have implemented version 3 of the ECMAScript

standard and there has really been no need to think about version numbers: the lan-

guage standard was stable and browser implementations of the language were, for the

most part, interoperable. Recently, an important new version of the language has been

defined as ECMAScript version 5 and, at the time of this writing, browsers are beginning

to implement it. This book covers all the new features of ECMAScript 5 as well as all

the long-standing features of ECMAScript 3. You’ll sometimes see these language ver-

sions abbreviated as ES3 and ES5, just as you’ll sometimes see the name JavaScript

abbreviated as JS.

When we’re speaking of the language itself, the only version numbers that are relevant

are ECMAScript versions 3 or 5. (Version 4 of ECMAScript was under development

for years, but proved to be too ambitious and was never released.) Sometimes, however,

you’ll also see a JavaScript version number, such as JavaScript 1.5 or JavaScript 1.8.

These are Mozilla’s version numbers: version 1.5 is basically ECMAScript 3, and later

versions include nonstandard language extensions (see Chapter 11). Finally, there are

also version numbers attached to particular JavaScript interpreters or “engines.” Goo-

gle calls its JavaScript interpreter V8, for example, and at the time of this writing the

current version of the V8 engine is 3.0.

To be useful, every language must have a platform or standard library or API of func-

tions for performing things like basic input and output. The core JavaScript language

defines a minimal API for working with text, arrays, dates, and regular expressions but

does not include any input or output functionality. Input and output (as well as more

sophisticated features, such as networking, storage, and graphics) are the responsibility

of the “host environment” within which JavaScript is embedded. Usually that host

environment is a web browser (though we’ll see two uses of JavaScript without a web

browser in Chapter 12). Part I of this book covers the language itself and its minimal

built-in API. Part II explains how JavaScript is used in web browsers and covers the

sprawling browser-based APIs loosely known as “client-side JavaScript.”

Part III is the reference section for the core API. You can read about the JavaScript array

manipulation API by looking up “Array” in this part of the book, for example.

Part IV is the reference section for client-side JavaScript. You might look up “Canvas”

2 | Chapter 1: Introduction to JavaScript

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