"系统功能语法探究：M.A.K. Halliday的理论与影响"

M.A.K. Halliday's systemic-functional grammar, based on Firth's theories from the London School, is a significant and influential linguistic approach in the 20th century. This sociologically oriented functional approach is divided into two components: Systemic Grammar and Functional Grammar. Systemic Grammar focuses on explaining the internal relations within language. It examines the system of choices that speakers make in order to express meaning. This system is composed of various subsystems such as the grammatical system, the lexicogrammatical system, and the phonological system. By analyzing these subsystems and their interrelations, systemic grammar provides insights into how language works as a system. Functional Grammar, on the other hand, explores the communicative function of language. It looks at how language is used to perform various social functions such as expressing opinions, giving commands, asking questions, and so on. Functional grammar also considers the context in which language is being used, as meaning is often dependent on the social situation and the participants involved in communication. Together, Systemic Grammar and Functional Grammar provide a comprehensive framework for understanding language as a social and functional system. By analyzing the choices that speakers make and the functions that language serves, systemic-functional grammar offers valuable insights into the nature of language and communication. Overall, M.A.K. Halliday's systemic-functional grammar is a rich and nuanced linguistic theory that has greatly impacted the field of linguistics. Its focus on both the structure and function of language provides a holistic understanding of how language works and how it is used in communication. As one of the most influential linguistic theories of the 20th century, systemic-functional grammar continues to shape our understanding of language and its role in society.