掌握Elm构建2018年Web应用：从入门到实践

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Figure 1-4. Example Elm logo

This app makes heavy use of interfacing with JavaScript, which is not always

necessary, but on the other side it is good to know it can be done.

What remains to be seen in the future is whether complicated applications can be

done with Elm as well. My own experience shows that one runs against a wall from time

to time or has to implement wrapper code in JavaScript. It is possible to move from SPAs

to multi-page applications, though.

Graphics

The Elm platform provides powerful graphics libraries. One example of their capabilities

is the Mario game. Another example is the Elm logo pictured in Figure1-4.

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

Embedded

Developers who want to introduce Elm may have difficulty getting approval from project

managers. One way, as described on the Elm website, is to start by embedding small

applications in existing websites.

Elm code can be compiled into JavaScript files, which can then be imported to an

HTML page with the usual script tags. There is no issue with either embedding several

compiled Elm files or using one file several times on a page. The only downside is that

the Elm runtime will be embedded several times. It is not too big, but it would still be a

waste of bandwidth.

Also, the embedded Elm applications have to be self-contained regarding state.

Communication between them is only possible via JavaScript code and by interfacing

with that code. Obviously, we may run into the concurrency problems that Elm tries

to solve in the first place when we have to update the state of those embedded Elm

applications.

What Can’t WeDo withElm?

After all the positive examples in the preceding paragraphs, we should now discuss what

we can’t do with Elm. Again, I must provide the disclaimer that I am writing this book

with version 0.18in mind.

It is not completely true to say that there are requirements we can’t implement with

Elm, because we can do everything by interfacing with external JavaScript code on a

website. Doing implementations this way is probably not in the spirit of Elm, and it also

defies some of the strong points of Elm, like type safety and a compiler that makes sure

certain functions are implemented before running the application.

By interfacing with external JavaScript we lose certain advantages. The result may

be to reimplement features inside the Elm platform. Whether or not this makes sense

is another question. Styling may be easier, but using a framework with enhanced

component features forces the developer to write interface wrappers with their own

models that can then be transferred into the Elm application.

Another problem with Elm is that it does not have any lifecycle hooks. Elm is not

only a language, but also a runtime environment and more. A lifecycle hook into the Elm

runtime would help to integrate it with third-party JavaScript libraries, but then we are

discussing the question of interfacing again.

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

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