Python for Android开发指南：Kivy与Bootstrap详解

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标题："Python开发Android应用"涉及的是使用Python编程语言来构建跨平台的Android应用程序的框架和工具。Kivy是提到的一个关键点，它是一个开源的Python库，特别适合快速开发具有现代用户界面（如多点触摸）的应用。Python for Android则是一个更广泛的工具集，它基于Kivy并扩展了功能，让开发者能够将Python代码打包成可与Google Play Store等市场兼容的独立Android应用包（APK）。描述中的主要内容包括： 1. **入门指南**：提供了如何开始使用Python for Android的步骤，帮助开发者快速上手。 2. **构建选项**：可能涉及到选择不同的构建配置，以适应不同的设备和性能需求，比如优化编译过程、选择合适的依赖库等。 3. **命令行工具**：介绍了一系列用于管理和构建Python应用的命令行工具，这对于自动化构建流程和管理项目至关重要。 4. **distutils和setuptools集成**：这些Python打包工具的集成使得将Python模块和库打包到APK中的过程更加顺畅。 5. **配方（Recipes）**：这是一种组织和封装Python代码和依赖的方法，允许开发者构建自定义的应用组件或服务。 6. **启动器（Bootstraps）**：Python for Android支持多种启动器，如基于Java的Cython编译器，这允许开发者选择最适合其应用类型的底层技术栈。 7. **服务**：可能指代在Android设备上运行的后台服务，或者与操作系统交互的功能。 8. **工作流程**：涵盖了开发过程中可能遇到的问题解决策略和最佳实践，如调试、部署和测试。 9. **故障排查**：提供了一部分常见问题的解决方案，帮助开发者在遇到问题时快速定位和修复。 10. **启动器界面**：可能指的是如何创建和配置Android应用的用户界面，确保与Kivy的图形框架无缝集成。 11. **贡献指南**：对于有兴趣扩展或改进Python for Android框架的开发者，这部分会提供指导。 12. **旧版工具链文档**：可能提到先前版本的Python for Android的文档，对迁移或了解历史变化有所帮助。 13. **索引和表格**：通常在书籍或文档末尾，提供了一个快速查找特定主题的目录。 Python开发Android应用的知识点集中在如何利用Python语言、Kivy库以及Python for Android工具集构建和部署可移植的Android应用，并且强调了构建过程中的灵活性和定制性。开发者可以通过阅读这份指南深入了解如何利用Python的特性，如动态类型系统和丰富的第三方库，来开发出高效且用户体验良好的Android应用程序。

python-for-android Documentation, Release 0.1

1.2.1 Python versions

python2

Select this by adding it in your requirements, e.g. --requirements=python2.

This option builds Python 2.7.2 for your selected Android architecture. There are no special requirements, all the

building is done locally.

The python2 build is also the way python-for-android originally worked, even in the old toolchain.

python3

Warning: Python3 support is experimental, and some of these details may change as it is improved and fully

stabilised.

Note: You must manually download the CrystaX NDK and tell python-for-android to use it with --ndk-dir

/path/to/NDK.

Select this by adding the python3crystax recipe to your requirements, e.g.

--requirements=python3crystax.

This uses the prebuilt Python from the CrystaX NDK, a drop-in replacement for Google’s ofﬁcial NDK which includes

many improvements. You must use the CrystaX NDK 10.3.0 or higher when building with python3. You can get it

here.

The python3crystax build is handled quite differently to python2 so there may be bugs or surprising behaviours. If you

come across any, feel free to open an issue.

1.2.2 Bootstrap options

python-for-android supports multiple app backends with different types of interface. These are called bootstraps.

Currently the following bootstraps are supported, but we hope that it should be easy to add others if your project has

different requirements. Let us know if you’d like help adding a new one.

sdl2

Use this with --bootstrap=sdl2, or just include the sdl2 recipe, e.g. --requirements=sdl2,python2.

SDL2 is a popular cross-platform depelopment library, particularly for games. It has its own Android project support,

which python-for-android uses as a bootstrap, and to which it adds the Python build and JNI code to start it.

From the point of view of a Python program, SDL2 should behave as normal. For instance, you can build apps with

Kivy or PySDL2 and have them work with this bootstrap. It should also be possible to use e.g. pygame_sdl2, but this

would need a build recipe and doesn’t yet have one.

Build options

The sdl2 bootstrap supports the following additional command line options (this list may not be exhaustive):

8 Chapter 1. Contents

python-for-android Documentation, Release 0.1

• --private: The directory containing your project ﬁles.

• --package: The Java package name for your project. Choose e.g. org.example.yourapp.

• --name: The app name.

• --version: The version number.

• --orientation: Usually one of portait, landscape, sensor to automatically rotate according to the

device orientation, or user to do the same but obeying the user’s settings. The full list of valid options is given

under android:screenOrientation in the Android documentation.

• --icon: A path to the png ﬁle to use as the application icon.

• --permission: A permission name for the app, e.g. --permission VIBRATE. For multiple permis-

sions, add multiple --permission arguments.

• --meta-data: Custom key=value pairs to add in the application metadata.

• --presplash: A path to the image ﬁle to use as a screen while the application is loading.

• --presplash-color: The presplash screen background color, of the form #RRGGBB or a color name red,

green, blue etc.

• --wakelock: If the argument is included, the application will prevent the device from sleeping.

• --window: If the argument is included, the application will not cover the Android status bar.

• --blacklist: The path to a ﬁle containing blacklisted patterns that will be excluded from the ﬁnal APK.

Defaults to ./blacklist.txt.

• --whitelist: The path to a ﬁle containing whitelisted patterns that will be included in the APK even if also

blacklisted.

• --add-jar: The path to a .jar ﬁle to include in the APK. To include multiple jar ﬁles, pass this argument

multiple times.

• --intent-filters: A ﬁle path containing intent ﬁlter xml to be included in AndroidManifest.xml.

• --service: A service name and the Python script it should run. See Arbitrary service scripts.

• --add-source: Add a source directory to the app’s Java code.

• --no-compile-pyo: Do not optimise .py ﬁles to .pyo.

webview

You can use this with --bootstrap=webview, or include the webviewjni recipe, e.g.

--requirements=webviewjni,python2.

The webview bootstrap gui is, per the name, a WebView displaying a webpage, but this page is hosted on the device

via a Python webserver. For instance, your Python code can start a Flask application, and your app will display and

allow the user to navigate this website.

Note: Your Flask script must start the webserver without :code:debug=True. Debug mode doesn’t seem to work

on Android due to use of a subprocess.

This bootstrap will automatically try to load a website on port 5000 (the default for Flask), or you can specify a

different option with the –port command line option. If the webserver is not immediately present (e.g. during the short

Python loading time when ﬁrst started), it will instead display a loading screen until the server is ready.

• --private: The directory containing your project ﬁles.

1.2. Build options 9

python-for-android Documentation, Release 0.1

• --package: The Java package name for your project. Choose e.g. org.example.yourapp.

• --name: The app name.

• --version: The version number.

• --orientation: Usually one of portait, landscape, sensor to automatically rotate according to the

device orientation, or user to do the same but obeying the user’s settings. The full list of valid options is given

under android:screenOrientation in the Android documentation.

• --icon: A path to the png ﬁle to use as the application icon.

• -- permission: A permission name for the app, e.g. --permission VIBRATE. For multiple permis-

sions, add multiple --permission arguments.

• --meta-data: Custom key=value pairs to add in the application metadata.

• --presplash: A path to the image ﬁle to use as a screen while the application is loading.

• --presplash-color: The presplash screen background color, of the form #RRGGBB or a color name red,

green, blue etc.

• --wakelock: If the argument is included, the application will prevent the device from sleeping.

• --window: If the argument is included, the application will not cover the Android status bar.

• --blacklist: The path to a ﬁle containing blacklisted patterns that will be excluded from the ﬁnal APK.

Defaults to ./blacklist.txt.

• --whitelist: The path to a ﬁle containing whitelisted patterns that will be included in the APK even if also

blacklisted.

• --add-jar: The path to a .jar ﬁle to include in the APK. To include multiple jar ﬁles, pass this argument

multiple times.

• --intent-filters: A ﬁle path containing intent ﬁlter xml to be included in AndroidManifest.xml.

• --service: A service name and the Python script it should run. See Arbitrary service scripts.

• add-source: Add a source directory to the app’s Java code.

• --port: The port on localhost that the WebView will access. Defaults to 5000.

pygame

You can use this with --bootstrap=pygame, or simply include the pygame recipe in your --requirements.

The pygame bootstrap is the original backend used by Kivy, and still works ﬁne for use with Kivy apps. It may also

work for pure pygame apps, but hasn’t been developed with this in mind.

This bootstrap will eventually be deprecated in favour of sdl2, but not before the sdl2 bootstrap includes all the features

that would be lost.

Build options

The pygame bootstrap supports the following additional command line options (this list may not be exhaustive):

• --private: The directory containing your project ﬁles.

• --dir: The directory containing your project ﬁles if you want them to be unpacked to the external storage

directory rather than the app private directory.

• --package: The Java package name for your project. Choose e.g. org.example.yourapp.

10 Chapter 1. Contents

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