HTML5开发者宝典：权威指南与实用教程

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"《HTML5开发者手册》是Addison-Wesley出版社推出的Developer's Library系列的一部分，这本书是针对实战开发者的权威指南。自诞生以来，HTML语言一直是构建和组织网页的核心工具，经历了早期的快速发展后，在上世纪九十年代末进入相对稳定阶段。然而，随着HTML5的兴起，它再次成为焦点，引入了许多新的特性和改进，如离线存储、音频/视频支持、 canvas绘图以及更强大的交互能力，这些都使得网页开发更加现代化和功能丰富。书中由Chuck Hudson和Tom Leadbetter两位技术专家共同编撰，他们以其丰富的实践经验和技术专长，将HTML5的最新技术和最佳实践整理成易于理解且实用的教程。《HTML5开发者手册》不仅涵盖了HTML5的基础语法和元素，还包括了HTML5与CSS3、JavaScript的深度集成，以及如何利用它们构建响应式设计、移动优先的网站。此外，书中还会探讨如何在实际项目中应用HTML5的新特性，如Web Components、Web Storage和WebSocket，以及与Web API的交互。作为Developer's Library系列的一部分，这本书旨在帮助程序员跟上快速变化的Web开发潮流，无论他们是Linux、Windows还是移动平台（如Mac/iPhone或Android）的开发者，都能从中受益。读者可以访问developers-library.com了解该系列的其他资源和产品。《HTML5开发者手册》是一本既适合初学者巩固基础知识，又适合经验丰富的开发者深入学习和探索HTML5新世界的实用参考书。通过阅读这本书，开发者们能够更好地掌握HTML5，为创建现代、交互性强的网络应用打下坚实基础。"

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Contents xv

The Media API 192

INTERMEDIATE RECIPE:

Creating a Beat Mixer 193

ADVANCED RECIPE:

Adding Streaming Radio 197

Summary 206

9 Changing Browser History 207

History Basics 207

Browser Compatibility 208

BEGINNER RECIPE:

Adding to History with pushState 208

BEGINNER RECIPE:

Creating an Image Viewer 211

INTERMEDIATE RECIPE:

Popping State in the Image Viewer 214

BEGINNER RECIPE:

Changing History with replaceState 216

INTERMEDIATE RECIPE:

Changing the Page History 218

ADVANCED RECIPE:

Using Advanced State Data Objects to Pass Information

Across Pages 221

INTERMEDIATE RECIPE:

Testing History Security 225

Helpful Libraries 228

Summary 228

10 Location Awareness with the Geolocation API 231

Geolocation Overview 231

Browser Compatibility 232

Where in the World: getCurrentPosition 233

BEGINNER RECIPE:

Determining Your Location with a Simple

getCurrentPosition 233

Location Privacy 237

INTERMEDIATE RECIPE:

Mapping a Location with getCurrentPosition 237

INTERMEDIATE RECIPE:

Determining Distance with PositionOptions 243

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Introduction

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is a core language for creating and structur-

ing web pages. For more than 20 years developers have been writing HTML, and for

the first few years the language underwent radical changes, but in the late 1990s things

slowed down a bit. Until now.

A Brief History of HTML

In 1991 Sir Tim Berners-Lee wrote a document called “HTML Tags,” which

described 20 elements that would be used for writing web documents. By mid-1993

the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) had published a proposal for the first

HTML specification. The proposal draft expired, and it was not until November 1995

that the first specification was published: not HTML 1.0, but HTML 2.0.

HTML 3.2 was released in 1997, and this was followed up by HTML 4, published

in 1998. HTML 4 had three variations: Strict, Transitional, and Frameset. During

this period, browser vendors, such as Microsoft and Netscape, started implementing

HTML in slightly different ways, and we had our first round of browser wars (http://

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Browser_wars).

XHTML

After the release of HTML 4, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) decided to

stop the evolution and development of HTML and work on Extensible Hypertext

Markup Language (XHTML) 1.0, an XML-based language that was considered the

future of the Internet. There were no new elements in XHTML—in fact, the specifi-

cation was the same as HTML 4—but developers had to conform to new syntax rules:

Tags had to be closed, or self-closed, and attributes had to be quoted. This required

stricter, tighter coding standards and ensured that developers would be using a single

style of writing. Around this time in 2001, Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) started

becoming more prominent and popular, and with the rise of blogging, the increased

awareness of web standards was significant.

Beginning in 2002, the W3C released drafts of XHTML 1.1. While XHTML 1

was essentially HTML with a splash of XML, XHTML 1.1 was essentially XML.

Although it was supposed to be more forward-thinking, it was not backward compat-

ible, so if it was used in website development, the website would not work in current

and older browsers.

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