Unix网络编程卷1第3版：套接字网络API

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"UNIX Network Programming Volume 1, Third Edition: The Sockets Networking API" 本书是UNIX网络编程的经典之作，尤其在第三版中得到了全面修订。原作者W. Richard Stevens博士是UNIX网络领域的权威，遗憾的是他已经去世，而此书的第三版则由同样知名的网络专家Bill Fenner和Andrew M. Rudoff继续编著。他们基于近年来网络技术的最新发展，特别是加入了IPv6的相关内容，SCTP（Stream Control Transmission Protocol）协议以及密钥管理套接字接口的介绍，同时也移除了与X/Open传输接口有关的部分，以保持内容的时效性和实用性。 "UNIX Network Programming, Volume 1"主要关注的是Sockets API，这是网络编程的基础，适用于构建高性能和高可靠性的分布式网络应用和服务。书中深入探讨了如何利用Sockets API与其他关键的网络API来开发这些应用，无论是在传统的UNIX环境还是现代多平台的环境中。内容涵盖了以下核心知识点： 1. **Sockets API基础**：包括套接字的创建、连接、监听、接受和关闭等基本操作，以及不同类型的套接字（如流式、数据报和原始套接字）和地址族（如IPv4和IPv6）的使用。 2. **IPv6**：详细介绍了IPv6协议，包括地址结构、头部格式、选项、邻居发现和状态转换机制等，以及如何在Sockets API中处理IPv6相关的编程问题。 3. **SCTP协议**：SCTP是一种面向连接的传输协议，提供了比TCP更高级别的可靠性，同时支持多宿主和多流。书中会讲解SCTP的特性、操作以及如何在程序中实现。 4. **密钥管理套接字**：这部分内容涉及网络通信中的安全问题，包括密钥交换、证书管理和加密算法，以及如何在套接字编程中实现安全通信。 5. **网络编程实践**：涵盖错误处理、性能优化、并发编程、I/O多路复用（如select、poll和epoll）以及异步非阻塞I/O等内容，这些都是构建高效网络服务的关键。 6. **网络协议栈**：解释网络层、传输层和应用层的主要协议，如TCP/IP、UDP、ICMP、DNS等，帮助读者理解网络通信的整体流程。 7. **实例分析**：书中包含丰富的代码示例和实际应用案例，帮助读者更好地理解和应用所学知识。通过阅读这本书，开发者不仅可以掌握UNIX环境下的网络编程技术，还能了解网络编程的历史和最新趋势，为开发复杂、可靠的网络应用提供坚实的理论和技术支持。无论是初学者还是经验丰富的开发者，都能从中受益匪浅。

[ Team LiB ]

•

Table of Contents

UNIX® Network Programming Volume 1, Third Edition: The Sockets Networking

API

W. Richard Stevens

Bill Fenner

Andrew M. Rudoff

Publisher

: Addison Wesley

Pub Date

: November 21, 2003

ISBN

: 0-13-141155-1

Pages

: 1024

"Everyone will want this book because it provides a great mix of practical experience, historical

perspective, and a depth of understanding that only comes from being intimately involved in

the field. I've already enjoyed and learned from reading this book, and surely you will too."

-Sam Leffler

The classic guide to UNIX networking APIs... now completely updated!

To build today's highly distributed, networked applications and services, you need deep

mastery of sockets and other key networking APIs. One book delivers comprehensive, start-to-

finish guidance for building robust, high-performance networked systems in any environment:

UNIX Network Programming, Volume 1, Third Edition

Building on the legendary work of W. Richard Stevens, this edition has been fully updated by

two leading network programming experts to address today's most crucial standards,

implementations, and techniques. New topics include:

POSIX Single UNIX Specification Version 3

IPv6 APIs (including updated guidance on IPv6/IPv4 interoperability)

The new SCTP transport protocol

IPsec-based Key Management Sockets

FreeBSD 4.8/5.1, Red Hat Linux 9.x, Solaris 9, AIX 5.x, HP-UX, and Mac OS X

implementations

New network program debugging techniques

Source Specific Multicast API, the key enabler for widespread IP multicast deployment

[ Team LiB ]

Foreword

When the original text of this book arrived in 1990, it was quickly recognized as the definitive

reference for programmers to learn network programming techniques. Since then, the art of

computer networking has changed dramatically. All it takes is a look at the return address for

comments from the original text ("uunet!hsi!netbook") to make this clear. (How many readers

will even recognize this as an address in the UUCP dialup network that was commonplace in

the 1980s?)

Today, UUCP networks are a rarity and new technologies such as wireless networks are

becoming ubiquitous! With these changes, new network protocols and programming paradigms

have been developed. But, programmers have lacked a good reference from which to learn the

intricacies of these new techniques.

This book fills that void. Readers who have a dog-eared copy of the original book will want a

new copy for the updated programming techniques and the substantial new material describing

next-generation protocols such as IPv6. Everyone will want this book because it provides a

great mix of practical experience, historical perspective, and a depth of understanding that only

comes from being intimately involved in the field.

I've already enjoyed and learned from reading this book, and surely you will, too.

Sam Leffler

[ Team LiB ]

•

Table of Contents

UNIX® Network Programming Volume 1, Third Edition: The Sockets Networking

API

W. Richard Stevens

Bill Fenner

Andrew M. Rudoff

Publisher

: Addison Wesley

Pub Date

: November 21, 2003

ISBN

: 0-13-141155-1

Pages

: 1024

"Everyone will want this book because it provides a great mix of practical experience, historical

perspective, and a depth of understanding that only comes from being intimately involved in

the field. I've already enjoyed and learned from reading this book, and surely you will too."

-Sam Leffler

The classic guide to UNIX networking APIs... now completely updated!

To build today's highly distributed, networked applications and services, you need deep

mastery of sockets and other key networking APIs. One book delivers comprehensive, start-to-

finish guidance for building robust, high-performance networked systems in any environment:

UNIX Network Programming, Volume 1, Third Edition

Building on the legendary work of W. Richard Stevens, this edition has been fully updated by

two leading network programming experts to address today's most crucial standards,

implementations, and techniques. New topics include:

POSIX Single UNIX Specification Version 3

IPv6 APIs (including updated guidance on IPv6/IPv4 interoperability)

The new SCTP transport protocol

IPsec-based Key Management Sockets

FreeBSD 4.8/5.1, Red Hat Linux 9.x, Solaris 9, AIX 5.x, HP-UX, and Mac OS X

implementations

New network program debugging techniques

Source Specific Multicast API, the key enabler for widespread IP multicast deployment

[ Team LiB ]

Introduction

This book is for people who want to write programs that communicate with each other using an

application program interface (API) known as sockets. Some readers may be very familiar with

sockets already, as that model has become synonymous with network programming. Others

may need an introduction to sockets from the ground up. The goal of this book is to offer

guidance on network programming for beginners as well as professionals, for those developing

new network-aware applications as well as those maintaining existing code, and for people who

simply want to understand how the networking components of their system function.

All the examples in this text are actual, runnable code tested on Unix systems. However, many

non-Unix systems support the sockets API and the examples are largely operating system-

independent, as are the general concepts we present. Virtually every operating system (OS)

provides numerous network-aware applications such as Web browsers, email clients, and file-

sharing servers. We discuss the usual partitioning of these applications into

client

and

server

and write our own small examples of these many times throughout the text.

Presenting this material in a Unix-oriented fashion has the natural side effect of providing

background on Unix itself, and on TCP/IP as well. Where more extensive background may be

interesting, we refer the reader to other texts. Four texts are so commonly mentioned in this

book that we've assigned them the following abbreviations:

APUE:

Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment

[Stevens 1992]

TCPv1:

TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1

[Stevens 1994]

TCPv2:

TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 2

[Wright and Stevens 1995]

TCPv3:

TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 3

[Stevens 1996]

TCPv2 contains a high level of detail very closely related to the material in this book, as it

describes and presents the actual 4.4BSD implementation of the network programming

functions for the sockets API (

socket

bind

connect

, and so on). If one understands the

implementation of a feature, the use of that feature in an application makes more sense.

[ Team LiB ]

•

Table of Contents

UNIX® Network Programming Volume 1, Third Edition: The Sockets Networking

API

W. Richard Stevens

Bill Fenner

Andrew M. Rudoff

Publisher

: Addison Wesley

Pub Date

: November 21, 2003

ISBN

: 0-13-141155-1

Pages

: 1024

"Everyone will want this book because it provides a great mix of practical experience, historical

perspective, and a depth of understanding that only comes from being intimately involved in

the field. I've already enjoyed and learned from reading this book, and surely you will too."

-Sam Leffler

The classic guide to UNIX networking APIs... now completely updated!

To build today's highly distributed, networked applications and services, you need deep

mastery of sockets and other key networking APIs. One book delivers comprehensive, start-to-

finish guidance for building robust, high-performance networked systems in any environment:

UNIX Network Programming, Volume 1, Third Edition

Building on the legendary work of W. Richard Stevens, this edition has been fully updated by

two leading network programming experts to address today's most crucial standards,

implementations, and techniques. New topics include:

POSIX Single UNIX Specification Version 3

IPv6 APIs (including updated guidance on IPv6/IPv4 interoperability)

The new SCTP transport protocol

IPsec-based Key Management Sockets

FreeBSD 4.8/5.1, Red Hat Linux 9.x, Solaris 9, AIX 5.x, HP-UX, and Mac OS X

implementations

New network program debugging techniques

Source Specific Multicast API, the key enabler for widespread IP multicast deployment

[ Team LiB ]

Changes from the Second Edition

Sockets have been around, more or less in their current form, since the 1980s, and it is a

tribute to their initial design that they have continued to be the network API of choice.

Therefore, it may come as a surprise to learn that quite a bit has changed since the second

edition of this book was published in 1998. The changes we've made to the text are

summarized as follows:

This new edition contains updated information on IPv6, which was only in draft form at

the time of publication of the second edition and has evolved somewhat.

The descriptions of functions and the examples have all been updated to reflect the most

recent POSIX specification (POSIX 1003.1-2001), also known as the

Single Unix

Specification Version 3

The coverage of the X/Open Transport Interface (XTI) has been dropped. That API has

fallen out of common use and even the most recent POSIX specification does not bother

to cover it.

The coverage of TCP for transactions (T/TCP) has been dropped.

Three chapters have been added to describe a relatively new transport protocol, SCTP.

This reliable, message-oriented protocol provides multiple streams between endpoints

and transport-level support for multihoming. It was originally designed for transport of

telephony signaling across the Internet, but provides some features that many

applications could take advantage of.

A chapter has been added on

key management sockets

, which may be used with Internet

Protocol Security (IPsec) and other network security services.

The machines used, as well as the versions of their variants of Unix, have all been

updated, and the examples have been updated to reflect how these machines behave. In

many cases, examples were updated because OS vendors fixed bugs or added features,

but as one might expect, we've discovered the occasional new bug here and there. The

machines used for testing the examples in this book were:

Apple Power PC running MacOS/X 10.2.6

HP PA-RISC running HP-UX 11i

IBM Power PC running AIX 5.1

Intel x86 running FreeBSD 4.8

Intel x86 running Linux 2.4.7

Sun SPARC running FreeBSD 5.1

Sun SPARC running Solaris 9

See

Figure 1.16

for details on how these machines were used.

Volume 2 of this

UNIX Network Programming

series, subtitled

Interprocess Communications

builds on the material presented here to cover message passing, synchronization, shared

memory, and remote procedure calls.

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