1 © 2019 IOP Publishing Ltd Printed in the UK
1. Introduction
Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are promising candidates
as information carriers in optoelectronic integrated circuits in
terms of their intriguing features of subwavelength eld con-
nement and enhancement. A series of works have been done
to manipulate light-matter interactions at nanoscales [1–8].
However, large dissipative losses associated with metals at
optical frequencies stand in the way of plasmonic devices
development. In 2004, Pendry proposed the concept of spoof
SPPs to arbitrarily lower the effective plasma frequency of
metals by decorating metal surfaces with periodic subwave-
length grooves or holes, thus making SPPs-like surface waves
at lower frequencies (terahertz and microwave) possible [9–
11]. Later in 2012, spoof localized surface plasmons (spoof
LSPs) on textured closed metal surface were theoretically
demonstrated by Garcia-Vidal etal [12]. Thanks to negligible
loss of metals at lower frequencies, an increasing number of
efforts have been made to put spoof SPPs and LSPs into real
applications [13–31]. However, these surface modes fail in
nding applications where real ultra-subwavelength eld con-
nement is needed because spoof SPPs waveguides typically
consist of a periodic array of grooves with a depth on the order
of one quarter of wavelength.
To address this issue, Engheta et al proposed another
scheme to perfectly mimic optical SPPs at lower frequencies
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics
Lateral dimension tuned ultra-low loss
effective surface plasmonic waveguide
JianfengShi
1
, ZhuoLi
1
, LiangliangLiu
2
,
3
, KuanWang
1
, YunheSun
1
andChangqingGu
1
1
Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics, Ministry of Education, College
of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,
Nanjing211106, People’s Republic of China
2
The Research Center of Applied Electromagnetics, School of Electronic and Information Engineering,
Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, People’s Republic of China
3
State Key Laboratory of Millimetre Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096,
People’s Republic of China
E-mail: lizhuo@nuaa.edu.cn and llliu@nuist.edu.cn
Received 19 November 2018, revised 18 December 2018
Accepted for publication 21 December 2018
Published 7 January 2019
Abstract
Recent theoretical and experimental works demonstrate that effective surface plasmon
polaritons (ESPPs) induced by structural dispersion in bounded waveguide are perfect low-
frequency counterparts of optical SPPs both for the double-layered and multi-layered systems.
In all these efforts, the lateral dimension of each layer was assumed to be the same and the
dispersion of the ESPPs was only tuned by the dielectric permittivity in each layer. Inevitably,
the dielectric loss will deteriorate the transmission performance of ESPPs due to the huge
eld connement and enhancement. In this work, we propose a simple but robust scheme to
dramatically enhance the transmission efciency of ESPPs by introducing a double-layered
air-lled plasmonic waveguide with different lateral dimensions. Simulation and experimental
results demonstrate that an ultra-low loss plasmonic waveguide with tunable bandwidth can
be easily built by changing the lateral dimension of the upper air layer. This work provides
valuable guidance for exible design of low-loss plasmonic devices and systems at microwave
and terahertz frequencies.
Keywords: effective surface plasmon polaritons, ultra-low loss, multi-layered system,
plasmonic waveguide
(Some guresmay appear in colour only in the online journal)
J Shi etal
Printed in the UK
105101
JPAPBE
© 2019 IOP Publishing Ltd
52
J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.
JPD
10.1088/1361-6463/aafaa1
Paper
10
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics
IOP
2019
1361-6463
1361-6463/19/105101+7$33.00
https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aafaa1
J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 52 (2019) 105101 (7pp)