Visual C# 2010编程学习指南

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"Visual C# 2010从入门到精通" 本文将深入探讨Microsoft的Visual C# 2010编程语言，旨在为初学者提供一条清晰的学习路径，逐步引领他们从入门到精通。Visual C#是.NET Framework的重要组成部分，它是一种面向对象的、类型安全的编程语言，特别适合用于开发Windows应用程序、Web应用程序和移动应用。在Visual C# 2010中，开发者可以利用强大的集成开发环境（IDE）——Microsoft Visual Studio 2010，它提供了丰富的代码编辑、调试和测试工具。Step by Step的学习方式意味着本书将通过一系列实践教程来教授编程概念，如同亲临教师讲解的课程，让读者在实践中学习和理解编程知识。书中可能涵盖以下关键知识点： 1. **基础语法与数据类型**：了解C#的基础，如变量、常量、数据类型（包括基本类型、引用类型和结构），以及运算符和控制流（如if语句、循环和异常处理）。 2. **面向对象编程**：学习类、对象、接口和继承等核心面向对象编程概念，理解封装、继承和多态性，并应用到实际项目中。 3. **集合与泛型**：掌握数组、列表和字典等集合类型，以及泛型的概念，它们在处理数据集合时提供了极大的灵活性和效率。 4. **函数与委托**：学习如何定义和调用方法，以及如何使用委托和事件来实现回调和异步编程。 5. **LINQ（Language Integrated Query）**：学习使用LINQ进行数据查询，这是一种在C#中集成的查询语言，使得查询数据库、XML文档和其他数据源变得更加简单。 6. **Windows Forms**：了解如何使用Windows Forms创建桌面应用程序，包括控件的使用、布局管理、事件处理和对话框的集成。 7. **WPF（Windows Presentation Foundation）**：介绍更现代的用户界面框架WPF，用于构建富有表现力的桌面应用，包括XAML标记语言和数据绑定。 8. **ASP.NET Web开发**：学习如何使用ASP.NET创建动态网站，包括页面生命周期、控件、会话状态管理和数据访问技术。 9. **ADO.NET与数据库交互**：掌握如何使用ADO.NET连接和操作数据库，包括Dataset、DataTable和Entity Framework。 10. **调试与测试**：学习使用Visual Studio的调试工具进行程序调试，以及单元测试和集成测试的基本概念，确保代码质量。 11. **错误处理和日志记录**：理解异常处理机制，以及如何有效地记录和处理运行时错误。 12. **并发与多线程**：学习如何在C#中编写多线程代码，以充分利用多核处理器的优势。通过本书的学习，读者不仅能掌握Visual C# 2010的编程技能，还能了解到软件开发的最佳实践和行业标准。同时，作者John Sharp提供的实例和练习将帮助读者巩固所学知识，使其能够在实际项目中灵活运用。完成本书的学习后，你将具备独立开发复杂应用的能力，真正实现从入门到精通的转变。

Table of Contents xv

Part VI Building Professional Solutions with

Visual Studio 2010

27 Introducing the Task Parallel Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599

Why Perform Multitasking by Using Parallel Processing?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .600

The Rise of the Multicore Processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601

Implementing Multitasking in a Desktop Application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602

Tasks, Threads, and the ThreadPool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603

Creating, Running, and Controlling Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .604

Using the Task Class to Implement Parallelism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .608

Abstracting Tasks by Using the Parallel Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617

Returning a Value from a Task . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624

Using Tasks and User Interface Threads Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628

Canceling Tasks and Handling Exceptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632

The Mechanics of Cooperative Cancellation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633

Handling Task Exceptions by Using the AggregateException Class . . . . 641

Using Continuations with Canceled and Faulted Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . .645

Chapter 27 Quick Reference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .646

28 Performing Parallel Data Access. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649

Using PLINQ to Parallelize Declarative Data Access. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650

Using PLINQ to Improve Performance While Iterating Through a

Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650

Specifying Options for a PLINQ Query . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655

Canceling a PLINQ Query. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656

Synchronizing Concurrent Imperative Data Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656

Locking Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659

Synchronization Primitives in the Task Parallel Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661

Cancellation and the Synchronization Primitives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .668

The Concurrent Collection Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .668

Using a Concurrent Collection and a Lock to Implement

Thread-Safe Data Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 670

Chapter 28 Quick Reference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681

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xvii

Acknowledgments

An oft-repeated fable is that the workmen who paint the Forth Railway Bridge, a large

Victorian cantilever structure that spans the Firth of Forth just north of Edinburgh, have a

job for life. According to the myth, it takes them several years to paint it from one end to

the other, and when they have ﬁnished they have to start over again. I am not sure whether

this is due to the ferocity of the Scottish weather, or the sensitivity of the paint that is used,

although my daughter insists it is simply that the members of Edinburgh City Council have

yet to decide on a color scheme that they really like for the bridge. I sometimes feel that this

book has similar attributes. No sooner have I completed an edition and seen it published,

then Microsoft announces another cool update for Visual Studio and C#, and my friends at

Microsoft Press contact me and say, “What are your plans for the next edition?” However,

unlike painting the Forth Railway Bridge, working on a new edition of this text is always an

enjoyable task with a lot more scope for inventiveness than trying to work out new ways

to hold a paint brush. There is always something novel to learn and innovative technology

to play with. In this edition, I cover the new features of C# 4.0 and the .NET Framework 4.0,

which developers will ﬁnd invaluable for building applications that can take advantage of the

increasingly powerful hardware now becoming available. Hence, although this work appears

to be a never-ending task, it is always fruitful and pleasurable.

A large part of the enjoyment when working on a project such as this is the opportunity to

collaborate with a highly motivated group of talented people within Microsoft Press, the

developers at Microsoft working on Visual Studio 2010, and the people who review each

chapter and make suggestions for various improvements. I would especially like to single out

Rosemary Caperton and Stephen Sagman who have worked tirelessly to keep the project

on track, to Per Blomqvist who reviewed (and corrected) each chapter, and to Roger LeBlanc

who had the thankless task of copy-editing the manuscript and converting my prose into

English. I must also make special mention of Michael Blome who provided me with early

access to software and answered the many questions that I had concerning the Task Parallal

Library. Several members of Content Master were kept gainfully employed reviewing and

testing the code for the exercises—thanks Mike Sumsion, Chris Cully, James Millar, and Louisa

Perry. Of course, I must additionally thank Jon Jagger who co-authored the ﬁrst edition of

this book with me back in 2001.

Last but by no means least, I must thank my family. My wife Diana is a wonderful source

of inspiration. When writing Chapter 28 on the Task Parallel Library I had a mental block

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xix

Introduction

Microsoft Visual C# is a powerful but simple language aimed primarily at developers creating

applications by using the Microsoft .NET Framework. It inherits many of the best features of

C++ and Microsoft Visual Basic, but few of the inconsistencies and anachronisms, resulting

in a cleaner and more logical language. C# 1.0 made its public debut in 2001. The advent of

C# 2.0 with Visual Studio 2005 saw several important new features added to the language,

including Generics, Iterators, and anonymous methods. C# 3.0 which was released with

Visual Studio 2008, added extension methods, lambda expressions, and most famously of

all, the Language Integrated Query facility, or LINQ. The latest incarnation of the language,

C# 4.0, provides further enhancements that improve its interoperability with other languages

and technologies. These features include support for named and optional arguments, the

dynamic type which indicates that the language runtime should implement late binding for

an object, and variance which resolves some issues in the way in which generic interfaces are

deﬁned. C# 4.0 takes advantage of the latest version of the .NET Framework, also version

4.0. There are many additions to the .NET Framework in this release, but arguably the most

signiﬁcant are the classes and types that constitute the Task Parallel Library (TPL). Using the

TPL, you can now build highly scalable applications that can take full advantage of multi-core

processors quickly and easily. The support for Web services and Windows Communication

Foundation (WCF) has also been extended; you can now build services that follow the REST

model as well as the more traditional SOAP scheme.

The development environment provided by Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 makes all these

powerful features easy to use, and the many new wizards and enhancements included in

Visual Studio 2010 can greatly improve your productivity as a developer.

Who This Book Is For

This book assumes that you are a developer who wants to learn the fundamentals of

programming with C# by using Visual Studio 2010 and the .NET Framework version 4.0. In

this book, you will learn the features of the C# language, and then use them to build applica-

tions running on the Microsoft Windows operating system. By the time you complete this

book, you will have a thorough understanding of C# and will have used it to build Windows

Presentation Foundation applications, access Microsoft SQL Server databases by using ADO.

NET and LINQ, build responsive and scalable applications by using the TPL, and create REST

and SOAP Web services by using WCF.

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