STM8L151K4T6：超低功耗8位MCU，汽车电子首选

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STM8L151K4T6是一款针对汽车电子应用的8位超低功耗微控制器，它属于STM8L151和STM8L152系列，适用于需要极低能耗和高性能的场合。该产品在2015年4月处于全面生产状态，文档版本为DocID15962Rev14。这款微控制器的特点首先体现在其宽广的工作电压范围，支持从1.8V到3.6V（甚至在待机模式下可降到1.65V），以及温度兼容性，可以在-40°C至85°C、105°C或125°C的极端条件下稳定运行。对于节能特性，STM8L151K4T6提供了五种低功耗模式，包括Wait模式（5.1μA）、Low power run模式（3μA）、Low power wait模式（3μA）、Active-halt模式配合全功能RTC（1.3μA）以及Halt模式下的极低泄漏电流（350nA），整体而言，功耗控制得非常出色，仅为195μA/MHz+440μA，且I/O接口的泄漏电流仅为50nA，显示了其在能源管理方面的高效性。其核心设计采用了哈佛架构和三级流水线，支持高达16MHz的主频，具有出色的性能，最多可配置40个外部中断源，能够处理复杂的数据处理任务。在电源管理和复位方面，STM8L151K4T6具备低功耗、安全的Brown Out Reset (BOR)功能，有五个可选阈值，同时提供超低功耗Power-On Reset (POR)和Panic Detect Reset (PDR)选项，确保系统在异常情况下仍能正确启动。内置的电压检测器(PVD)功能有助于监测电源状态，提高系统的稳定性。在时钟管理方面，这款微控制器支持多种振荡器选项，包括1到16MHz的晶体振荡器，以及32kHz和38kHz的低功耗晶振。内部还包含一个16MHz工厂预调好的RC振荡器，以及一个低消耗的38kHz RC振荡器，这为灵活的系统设计提供了便利，可以根据需求选择合适的时钟频率。 STM8L151K4T6以其卓越的低功耗性能、广泛的供电和温度适应性、先进的处理器架构以及丰富的外设功能，成为汽车电子应用的理想选择。其强大的电源管理、时钟和复位特性，以及高效的I/O控制，使得设计师能够在保持系统效能的同时，实现最大程度的能源节约。

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Functional overview STM8L151x4/6, STM8L152x4/6

16/142 DocID15962 Rev 14

3.2 Central processing unit STM8

3.2.1 Advanced STM8 Core

The 8-bit STM8 core is designed for code efficiency and performance with an Harvard

architecture and a 3-stage pipeline.

It contains 6 internal registers which are directly addressable in each execution context, 20

addressing modes including indexed indirect and relative addressing, and 80 instructions.

Architecture and registers

• Harvard architecture

• 3-stage pipeline

• 32-bit wide program memory bus - single cycle fetching most instructions

• X and Y 16-bit index registers - enabling indexed addressing modes with or without

offset and read-modify-write type data manipulations

• 8-bit accumulator

• 24-bit program counter - 16 Mbyte linear memory space

• 16-bit stack pointer - access to a 64 Kbyte level stack

• 8-bit condition code register - 7 condition flags for the result of the last instruction

Addressing

• 20 addressing modes

• Indexed indirect addressing mode for lookup tables located anywhere in the address

space

• Stack pointer relative addressing mode for local variables and parameter passing

Instruction set

• 80 instructions with 2-byte average instruction size

• Standard data movement and logic/arithmetic functions

• 8-bit by 8-bit multiplication

• 16-bit by 8-bit and 16-bit by 16-bit division

• Bit manipulation

• Data transfer between stack and accumulator (push/pop) with direct stack access

• Data transfer using the X and Y registers or direct memory-to-memory transfers

3.2.2 Interrupt controller

The medium-density STM8L151x4/6 and STM8L152x4/6 feature a nested vectored

interrupt controller:

• Nested interrupts with 3 software priority levels

• 32 interrupt vectors with hardware priority

• Up to 40 external interrupt sources on 11 vectors

• Trap and reset interrupts

DocID15962 Rev 14 17/142

STM8L151x4/6, STM8L152x4/6 Functional overview

3.3 Reset and supply management

3.3.1 Power supply scheme

The device requires a 1.65 V to 3.6 V operating supply voltage (V

). The external power

supply pins must be connected as follows:

• V

SS1

; V

DD1

= 1.8 to 3.6 V, down to 1.65 V at power down: external power supply for

I/Os and for the internal regulator. Provided externally through V

DD1

pins, the

corresponding ground pin is V

SS1

• V

SSA;

DDA

= 1.8 to 3.6 V, down to 1.65 V at power down: external power supplies for

analog peripherals (minimum voltage to be applied to V

DDA

is 1.8 V when the ADC1 is

used). V

DDA

and V

SSA

must be connected to V

DD1

and V

SS1

, respectively.

• V

SS2

; V

DD2

= 1.8 to 3.6 V, down to 1.65 V at power down: external power supplies for

I/Os. V

DD2

and V

SS2

must be connected to V

DD1

and V

SS1

, respectively.

• V

REF+

; V

REF-

(for ADC1): external reference voltage for ADC1. Must be provided

externally through V

REF+

and V

REF-

pin.

• V

REF+

(for DAC): external voltage reference for DAC must be provided externally

through V

REF+

3.3.2 Power supply supervisor

The device has an integrated ZEROPOWER power-on reset (POR)/power-down reset

(PDR), coupled with a brownout reset (BOR) circuitry. At power-on, BOR is always active,

and ensures proper operation starting from 1.8

V. After the 1.8 V BOR threshold is reached,

the option byte loading process starts, either to confirm or modify default thresholds, or to

disable BOR permanently (in which case, the V

min value at power down is 1.65 V).

Five BOR thresholds are available through option bytes, starting from 1.8 V to 3 V. To

reduce the power consumption in Halt mode, it is possible to automatically switch off the

internal reference voltage (and consequently the BOR) in Halt mode. The device remains

under reset when V

is below a specified threshold, V

POR/PDR

or V

BOR

, without the need

for any external reset circuit.

The device features an embedded programmable voltage detector (PVD) that monitors the

DDA

power supply and compares it to the V

PVD

threshold. This PVD offers 7 different

levels between 1.85

V and 3.05 V, chosen by software, with a step around 200 mV. An

interrupt can be generated when V

DDA

drops below the V

PVD

threshold and/or when

DDA

is higher than the V

PVD

threshold. The interrupt service routine can then generate

a warning message and/or put the MCU into a safe state. The PVD is enabled by software.

3.3.3 Voltage regulator

The medium-density STM8L151x4/6 and STM8L152x4/6 embeds an internal voltage

regulator for generating the 1.8 V power supply for the core and peripherals.

This regulator has two different modes:

• Main voltage regulator mode (MVR) for Run, Wait for interrupt (WFI) and Wait for event

(WFE) modes.

• Low power voltage regulator mode (LPVR) for Halt, Active-halt, Low power run and

Low power wait modes.

When entering Halt or Active-halt modes, the system automatically switches from the MVR

to the LPVR in order to reduce current consumption.

DocID15962 Rev 14 19/142

STM8L151x4/6, STM8L152x4/6 Functional overview

Figure 2. Medium-density STM8L151x4/6 and STM8L152x4/6 clock tree diagram

1. The HSE clock source can be either an external crystal/ceramic resonator or an external source (HSE

bypass). Refer to Section HSE clock in the STM8L15x and STM8L16x reference manual (RM0031).

2. The LSE clock source can be either an external crystal/ceramic resonator or a external source (LSE

bypass). Refer to Section LSE clock in the STM8L15x and STM8L16x reference manual (RM0031).

3.5 Low power real-time clock

The real-time clock (RTC) is an independent binary coded decimal (BCD) timer/counter.

Six byte locations contain the second, minute, hour (12/24 hour), week day, date, month,

year, in BCD (binary coded decimal) format. Correction for 28, 29 (leap year), 30, and 31

day months are made automatically.

It provides a programmable alarm and programmable periodic interrupts with wakeup from

Halt capability.

• Periodic wakeup time using the 32.768 kHz LSE with the lowest resolution (of 61 µs) is

from min. 122 µs to max. 3.9 s. With a different resolution, the wakeup time can reach

36 hours

• Periodic alarms based on the calendar can also be generated from every second to

every year

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