从MFC到WTL编程入门指南

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"WTL For MFC 程序员手册" 本文档是针对有MFC编程经验的开发者的一份WTL入门教程。WTL（Windows Template Library）是Microsoft的一个轻量级库，它扩展了ATL（Active Template Library），允许开发人员创建Windows GUI应用程序。教程由Michael Dunn撰写，适合使用Visual C++ 6和7的开发者，涵盖了多种操作系统平台，如Windows XP、Windows 2000、Windows 9X和NT4。首先，文档介绍了系列教程的概述和第一部分的主要内容。Part I主要关注ATL GUI类，帮助MFC开发者理解WTL的基础。ATL本身是用于创建COM组件的模板库，它提供了高效且简洁的接口来实现COM对象。 ATL的历史和WTL的关系被提及，说明了WTL如何在ATL的基础上增加对Windows用户界面的支持。ATL风格的模板是其核心特性之一，它们提供了声明性的方式来定义COM接口和实现。在讲解ATL窗口类时，教程解释了如何定义窗口的实现，以及如何填充消息映射，这是处理Windows消息的关键部分。接着，文章深入讨论了高级消息映射和混入类的概念，这些是实现复杂窗口行为的基础。 ATL EXE结构的部分解释了如何构建一个基于ATL的可执行程序，包括其内部工作原理和组件组织方式。此外，文档还涉及了在ATL中创建对话框的方法，这对于GUI应用程序来说是非常重要的功能。虽然标题为“WTL For MFC 程序员手册”，但在Part I中，作者承诺会逐步引导读者进入WTL的世界，但在此之前，他首先深入讲解了ATL，因为理解ATL对于掌握WTL至关重要。最后，文档包含了一个修订历史，显示了内容的更新和改进情况。同时，提供了下载项目示例的链接，便于读者实践和学习。通过这个教程，MFC开发者可以逐步过渡到WTL，利用其轻量级和高效的特性来构建Windows应用程序。教程中的代码示例和详细解释有助于加速这一过程。

The Code Project - WTL for MFC Programmers, Part I - ATL GUI Classes - WTL

class CMyWindow : public CWindowImpl<CMyWindow, CWindow, CFrameWinTraits>,

public CPaintBkgnd<CMyWindow,RGB(0,0,255)>

{

public:

BEGIN_MSG_MAP(CMyWindow)

MESSAGE_HANDLER(WM_CREATE, OnCreate)

COMMAND_ID_HANDLER(IDC_ABOUT, OnAbout)

// ...

CHAIN_MSG_MAP(CPaintBkgndBase)

END_MSG_MAP()

LRESULT OnCreate(UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam, BOOL& bHandled)

{

HMENU hmenu = LoadMenu ( _Module.GetResourceInstance(),

MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDR_MENU1) );

SetMenu ( hmenu );

return 0;

}

LRESULT OnAbout(WORD wNotifyCode, WORD wID, HWND hWndCtl, BOOL& bHandled)

{

CAboutDlg dlg;

dlg.DoModal();

return 0;

}

// ...

};

One small difference in modal dialogs is where you specify the dialog's parent window. In

MFC you pass the parent to the CDialog constructor, but in ATL you pass it as the first

parameter to DoModal(). If you don't specify a window, as in the code above, ATL uses the

result of GetActiveWindow() (which will be our frame window) as the parent.

The LoadMenu() call also demonstrates one of the CComModule methods,

GetResourceInstance(). This returns the HINSTANCE of our EXE, similar to

AfxGetResourceHandle(). (There is also CComModule::GetModuleInstance(), which

functions like AfxGetInstanceHandle().)

Here is our revised main window and the about dialog:

http://www.codeproject.com/wtl/wtl4mfc1.asp?print=true (16 of 18)06.03.2004 17:59:27

The Code Project - WTL for MFC Programmers, Part II - WTL GUI Base Classes - WTL

appropriate directory. The WTL distribution comes with instructions on how to install the

AppWizard, so consult the docs.

WTL Overview

The WTL classes can be divided into a few major categories:

1. Frame window implementation - CFrameWindowImpl, CMDIFrameWindowImpl

2. Control wrappers - CButton, CListViewCtrl

3. GDI wrappers - CDC, CMenu

4. Special UI features - CSplitterWindow, CUpdateUI, CDialogResize, CCustomDraw

5. Utility classes and macros - CString, CRect, BEGIN_MSG_MAP_EX

This article will cover frame windows in depth and touch on some of the UI features and

utility classes. Most of the classes are stand-alone classes, although a few such as

CDialogResize are mix-ins.

Beginning a WTL EXE

If you don't use the WTL AppWizard (we'll get to that later), a WTL EXE begins much like an

ATL EXE. The sample code in this article will be another frame window as in Part I, but will

be a bit less trivial in order to show some WTL features.

For this section, we'll start a new EXE from scratch. The main window will show the current

time in its client area. Here is a basic stdafx.h:

#define STRICT

#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN

#define _WTL_USE_CSTRING

#include <atlbase.h> // base ATL classes

#include <atlapp.h> // base WTL classes

extern CAppModule _Module; // WTL version of CComModule

#include <atlwin.h> // ATL GUI classes

#include <atlframe.h> // WTL frame window classes

#include <atlmisc.h> // WTL utility classes like CString

#include <atlcrack.h> // WTL enhanced msg map macros

atlapp.h is the first WTL header you include. It contains classes for message handling and

CAppModule, a class derived from CComModule. You should also define _WTL_USE_CSTRING if

you plan on using CString, because CString is defined in atlmisc.h yet there are other

headers that come before atlmisc.h which have features that use CString. Defining

_WTL_USE_CSTRING makes atlapp.h forward-declare the CString class so those other

http://www.codeproject.com/wtl/wtl4mfc2.asp?print=true (2 of 21)06.03.2004 18:00:10

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