Oracle Essbase 数据库管理员指南

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"Oracle® Essbase Database Administrator's Guide Release 11.1.2.2.100" Oracle Essbase是一款业界领先的多维数据库管理系统，特别设计用于企业绩效管理（EPM）和商业智能（BI）解决方案。该数据库管理员手册是针对11.1.2.2.100版本的详细指南，由EPM信息开发团队撰写，并由Oracle公司及其关联公司拥有版权。手册涵盖了创建维度、加载数据以及构建多维数据集（CUBE）等核心概念和步骤。 1. **Essbase数据库基础** Essbase数据库基于多维数据模型，它将数据组织成立方体结构，便于快速分析和查询。这种结构允许用户从不同角度（如时间、产品、地区等）查看数据，以实现更深入的洞察。 2. **创建维度** 维度是多维数据模型的关键组成部分，代表了分析数据的不同视角，如时间、地点、产品等。手册详细解释了如何定义和管理这些维度，包括创建新的维度层次，设置成员关系，以及处理层级间的关联。 3. **装载数据** 数据装载是将业务数据导入Essbase的过程。手册提供了关于数据源连接、数据转换规则、数据加载策略以及错误处理机制的详细指导，确保数据准确无误地加载到多维立方体中。 4. **构建CUBE（多维数据集）** 多维数据集（CUBE）是Essbase的核心，它是所有分析的基础。手册会详细介绍如何规划、设计和构建CUBEs，包括选择合适的存储模式，定义计算公式，以及优化性能。 5. **权限与安全管理** Essbase提供了一套强大的权限控制机制，确保用户只能访问他们被授权的数据。手册会涵盖如何设置用户权限、角色管理和安全性策略，以维护数据的安全性和隐私。 6. **性能调优与监控** 为了保证系统的高效运行，手册还会讨论性能优化技巧，包括索引策略、内存管理和查询优化。此外，它还包含了监控工具的使用，帮助管理员识别并解决性能瓶颈。 7. **备份与恢复** 数据保护至关重要，手册将详细阐述如何进行数据库备份、恢复操作，以及在灾难恢复场景下的策略。 8. **其他功能** Essbase还支持脚本语言、API接口和自动化工具，使得系统可以进行更复杂的自定义和集成。手册也会介绍如何利用这些功能来提升工作效率。 9. **许可证和法律条款** 手册最后提醒用户注意软件使用和披露的限制，强调了对知识产权的保护，禁止未经授权的复制、修改和分发等行为。总结起来，Oracle Essbase数据库管理员手册是一份全面的指南，对于正在学习或已经工作的ESSBASE管理员来说，是理解和操作这款强大工具的重要参考资料。通过深入学习和实践，读者可以掌握构建和管理高性能多维数据库的关键技能。

Reviewing Examples That Use SET CLEARUPDATESTATUS ................. 414

Calculating Data Blocks ................................................ 415

Calculating Dense Dimensions ....................................... 415

Calculating Sparse Dimensions ....................................... 416

Handling Concurrent Calculations ..................................... 417

Understanding Multiple-Pass Calculations ............................... 417

Reviewing Examples and Solutions for Multiple-Pass Calculations .............. 418

Understanding the Effects of Intelligent Calculation ........................... 421

Changing Formulas and Accounts Properties ............................. 421

Using Relationship and Financial Functions .............................. 421

Restructuring Databases ............................................ 421

Copying and Clearing Data .......................................... 422

Converting Currencies ............................................. 422

Chapter 27. Dynamically Calculating Data Values .......................................... 423

Understanding Dynamic Calculation ...................................... 423

Understanding Dynamic Calc Members ................................. 424

Understanding Dynamic Calc and Store Members ......................... 424

Retrieving the Parent Value of Dynamically Calculated Child Values ............ 425

Benefitting from Dynamic Calculation ..................................... 425

Using Dynamic Calculation ............................................. 426

Choosing Values to Calculate Dynamically .................................. 426

Dense Members and Dynamic Calculation ............................... 426

Sparse Members and Dynamic Calculation ............................... 427

Two-Pass Members and Dynamic Calculation ............................ 427

Parent-Child Relationships and Dynamic Calculation ....................... 427

Calculation Scripts and Dynamic Calculation ............................. 428

Formulas and Dynamically Calculated Members ........................... 428

Scripts and Dynamically Calculated Members ............................. 428

Dynamically Calculated Children ...................................... 429

Choosing Between Dynamic Calc and Dynamic Calc and Store ................... 429

Recommendations for Sparse Dimension Members ......................... 429

Recommendations for Members with Specific Characteristics ................. 430

Recommendations for Dense Dimension Members ......................... 430

Recommendations for Data with Many Concurrent Users .................... 431

Understanding How Dynamic Calculation Changes Calculation Order .............. 431

Calculation Order for Dynamic Calculation .............................. 431

Calculation Order for Dynamically Calculating Two-Pass Members ............. 432

Calculation Order for Asymmetric Data ................................. 433

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Contents

Reducing the Impact on Retrieval Time .................................... 434

Displaying a Retrieval Factor ......................................... 435

Displaying a Summary of Dynamically Calculated Members .................. 435

Increasing Retrieval Buffer Size ....................................... 436

Using Dynamic Calculator Caches ..................................... 436

Reviewing Dynamic Calculator Cache Usage .............................. 437

Using Dynamic Calculations with Standard Procedures ......................... 437

Creating Dynamic Calc and Dynamic Calc and Store Members ................... 438

Restructuring Databases ............................................... 438

Dynamically Calculating Data in Partitions .................................. 439

Chapter 28. Calculating Time Series Data ................................................ 441

Introduction ........................................................ 441

Calculating First, Last, and Average Values .................................. 441

Specifying Accounts and Time Dimensions .............................. 442

Reporting the Last Value for Each Time Period ............................ 442

Reporting the First Value for Each Time Period ........................... 443

Reporting the Average Value for Each Time Period ......................... 444

Skipping #MISSING and Zero Values ................................... 444

Considering the Effects of First, Last, and Average Tags ...................... 444

Placing Formulas on Time and Accounts Dimensions ....................... 445

Calculating Period-to-Date Values ........................................ 445

Using Dynamic Time Series Members .................................. 446

Specifying Alias Names for Dynamic Time Series Members ................... 448

Applying Predefined Generation Names to Dynamic Time Series Members ....... 448

Retrieving Period-to-Date Values ...................................... 449

Using Dynamic Time Series Members in Transparent Partitions .................. 450

Chapter 29. Developing Calculation Scripts for Block Storage Databases .......................... 451

Using Calculation Scripts .............................................. 452

Process for Creating Calculation Scripts .................................... 453

Understanding Calculation Script Syntax ................................... 454

Adding Comments ................................................ 456

Checking Syntax .................................................. 456

Using Calculation Commands ........................................... 457

Calculating the Database Outline ...................................... 457

Controlling the Flow of Calculations ................................... 458

Declaring Data Variables ............................................ 458

Specifying Global Settings for a Database Calculation ....................... 459

Using Formulas in Calculation Scripts ..................................... 460

Contents

xvii

Basic Equations .................................................. 461

Conditional Equations ............................................. 461

Interdependent Formulas ........................................... 462

Using a Calculation Script to Control Intelligent Calculation ..................... 462

Grouping Formulas and Calculations ...................................... 462

Calculating a Series of Member Formulas ................................ 462

Calculating a Series of Dimensions ..................................... 463

Using Substitution and Environment Variables in Calculation Scripts .............. 463

Using Substitution Variables in Calculation Scripts ......................... 464

Using Environment Variables in Calculation Scripts and Formulas ............. 464

Clearing and Copying Data ............................................. 466

Clearing Data .................................................... 466

Copying Data .................................................... 467

Calculating a Subset of a Database ........................................ 467

Calculating Lists of Members ......................................... 468

Using the FIX Command ........................................... 468

Using the Exclude Command ........................................ 470

Exporting Data Using the DATAEXPORT Command .......................... 470

Exporting Data into a Relational Database ............................... 472

Advantages and Disadvantages of Exporting Data Using a Calculation Script ...... 473

Enabling Calculations on Potential Blocks .................................. 473

Using DATACOPY to Copy Existing Blocks .............................. 474

Using SET CREATENONMISSINGBLK to Calculate All Potential Blocks ......... 475

Using Calculation Scripts on Partitions .................................... 475

Writing Calculation Scripts for Partitions ................................ 475

Controlling Calculation Order for Partitions ............................. 476

Saving, Executing, and Copying Calculations Scripts ........................... 476

Saving Calculation Scripts ........................................... 477

Executing Calculation Scripts ........................................ 477

Copying Calculation Scripts ......................................... 478

Checking Calculation Results ............................................ 478

Estimating Disk Size for a Calculation ..................................... 479

Chapter 30. Reviewing Examples of Calculation Scripts for Block Storage Databases .................. 481

About These Calculation Script Examples ................................... 481

Calculating Variance .................................................. 481

Calculating Database Subsets ............................................ 482

Loading New Budget Values ............................................ 483

Calculating Product Share and Market Share Values ........................... 484

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Contents

Allocating Costs Across Products ......................................... 485

Allocating Values Within a Dimension ..................................... 486

Allocating Values Across Multiple Dimensions ............................... 488

Goal-Seeking Using the LOOP Command .................................. 490

Forecasting Future Values .............................................. 493

Chapter 31. Developing Custom-Defined Calculation Macros ................................... 495

Understanding Custom-Defined Macros ................................... 495

Naming Custom-Defined Macros ........................................ 495

Creating Custom-Defined Macros ........................................ 496

Using Custom-Defined Macros .......................................... 497

Viewing Custom-Defined Macros ........................................ 497

Updating Custom-Defined Macros ....................................... 497

Copying Custom-Defined Macros ........................................ 498

Removing Custom-Defined Macros ....................................... 498

Refreshing the Catalog of Custom-Defined Macros ............................ 499

Chapter 32. Developing Custom-Defined Calculation Functions ................................. 501

Process for Creating Custom-Defined Functions .............................. 501

Custom-Defined Function Requirements ................................... 502

Creating and Compiling a Java Class ...................................... 503

Installing Java Classes on Essbase Server .................................... 504

Registering Custom-Defined Functions .................................... 505

Using Registered Custom-Defined Functions ................................ 506

Updating Custom-Defined Functions ...................................... 506

Viewing Custom-Defined Functions ...................................... 507

Removing Custom-Defined Functions ..................................... 508

Copying Custom-Defined Functions ...................................... 508

Performance Considerations for Custom-Defined Functions ..................... 509

Memory Considerations for Custom-Defined Functions ........................ 509

Part V. Retrieving Data ............................................................. 511

Chapter 33. Understanding Report Script Basics ........................................... 513

Working With a Simple Report Script ..................................... 513

Understanding How Report Writer Works .................................. 515

Report Extractor .................................................. 516

Parts of a Report .................................................. 517

Parts of a Report Script ............................................. 518

Planning Reports .................................................... 518

Considering Security and Multiple-User Issues ............................... 519

Contents

xix

Reviewing the Process for Creating Report Scripts ............................. 519

Creating Report Scripts ................................................ 520

Saving Report Scripts ................................................. 520

Executing Report Scripts ............................................... 521

Copying Report Scripts ................................................ 521

Developing Free-Form Reports .......................................... 521

Chapter 34. Developing Report Scripts .................................................. 525

Understanding Extraction Commands ..................................... 525

Understanding Formatting Commands .................................... 526

Understanding Report Script Syntax ...................................... 526

Designing the Page Layout .............................................. 527

Creating Page, Column, and Row Headings .............................. 528

Modifying Headings ............................................... 529

Creating Symmetric and Asymmetric Reports ............................. 530

Formatting ......................................................... 531

Formatting Report Pages ............................................ 531

Formatting Page, Column, and Row Headings ............................ 532

Adding Totals and Subtotals ......................................... 535

Changing How Data Is Displayed ...................................... 539

Selecting and Sorting Members .......................................... 542

Selecting Members ................................................ 542

Selecting Members by Using Generation and Level Names .................... 543

Selecting Duplicate Members ......................................... 544

Selecting Dynamic Time Series Members ................................ 545

Selecting Members by Using Boolean Operators ........................... 546

Selecting Members by Using Substitution Variables ......................... 547

Selecting Members by Using Attributes ................................. 548

Selecting Members by Using UDAs .................................... 549

Selecting Members by Using Wildcards ................................. 550

Suppressing Shared Members ........................................ 551

Selecting How Member Names are Displayed ............................. 551

Sorting Members ................................................. 553

Restricting and Ordering Data Values ...................................... 554

Understanding the Order of Operation .................................. 554

Using TOP, BOTTOM, and ORDERBY with Sorting Commands ............... 554

Using RESTRICT ................................................. 555

Using ORDERBY ................................................. 555

Using ORDERBY with Formatting Commands ............................ 555

Contents

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