Python Cookbooks：2.4版实战指南

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"《Python Cookbook》第二版是一本广受好评的Python教程书籍，由David Ascher、Alex Martelli和Anna Ravenscroft合著，由O'Reilly出版社于2005年3月发行。本书的ISBN为0-596-00797-3，共844页，它延续了第一版的传统，提供了针对日常编程挑战的解决方案，特别关注于Python 2.4版本的新特性。该书的核心内容包括超过200个精心编排的“菜谱”式教程，涵盖了从基础操作到高级任务的各种主题。例如，初学者可以学习如何处理字符串，如使用单个字符操作（Recipe 1.1），而进阶开发者则可以找到关于网络监控（复杂任务）和模板系统构建（高级应用）的实用技巧。这些实用的“配方”旨在帮助读者解决实际编程问题，并提升他们的Python技能。《Python Cookbook》的组织结构严谨，包含目录索引，方便读者快速查找所需内容。此外，书中还附有读者评论和勘误表（Errata），确保信息的准确性和实用性。出版商O'Reilly以其高质量的技术书籍而闻名，这本书也不例外，适合学术界以及希望深入理解和实践Python的程序员。在编写过程中，作者们对设计和实施方法进行了详尽的阐述，包括本书的创作目标、代码使用指南、受众定位以及进一步阅读的建议。同时，书中遵循明确的写作规范，确保读者能够流畅地理解并应用于实际项目中。如果你遇到任何问题或需要反馈，书后提供了联系方式，以便读者与作者进行交流。《Python Cookbook》第二版是一本不可或缺的工具书，无论是初学者还是经验丰富的开发者，都可以从中受益匪浅，提升Python编程技能，解决各种实际问题，从而推动项目的顺利进行。"

Audience

We expect that you know at least some Python. This book does not attempt to teach Python as a

whole; rather, it presents some specific techniques and concepts (and occasionally tricks) for

dealing with particular tasks. If you are looking for an introduction to Python, consider some of

the books described in the Further Reading section of this Preface. However, you don't need to

know a lot of Python to find this book helpful. Chapters include recipes demonstrating the best

techniques for accomplishing some elementary and general tasks, as well as more complex or

specialized ones. We have also added sidebars, here and there, to clarify certain concepts which

are used in the book and which you may have heard of, but which might still be unclear to you.

However, this is definitely not a book just for beginners. The main target audience is the whole

Python community, mostly made up of pretty good programmers, neither newbies nor wizards.

And if you do already know a lot about Python, you may be in for a pleasant surprise! We've

included recipes that explore some the newest and least well-known areas of Python. You might

very well learn a few thingswe did! Regardless of where you fall along the spectrum of Python

expertise, and more generally of programming skill, we believe you will get something valuable

from this book.

If you already own the first edition, you may be wondering whether you need this second edition,

too. We think the answer is "yes." The first edition had 245 recipes; we kept 146 of those (with

lots of editing in almost all cases), and added 192 new ones, for a total of 338 recipes in this

second edition. So, over half of the recipes in this edition are completely new, and all the recipes

are updated to apply to today's Pythonreleases 2.3 and 2.4. Indeed, this update is the main

factor which lets us have almost 100 more recipes in a book of about the same size. The first

edition covered all versions from 1.5.2 (and sometimes earlier) to 2.2; this one focuses firmly on

2.3 and 2.4. Thanks to the greater power of today's Python, and, even more, thanks to the fact

that this edition avoids the "historical" treatises about how you had to do things in Python

versions released 5 or more years ago, we were able to provide substantially more currently

relevant recipes and information in roughly the same amount of space.

Organization

This book has 20 chapters. Each chapter is devoted to a particular kind of recipe, such as

algorithms, text processing, databases, and so on. The 1st edition had 17 chapters. There have

been improvements to Python, both language and library, and to the corpus of recipes the

Python community has posted to the cookbook site, that convinced us to add three entirely new

chapters: on the iterators and generators introduced in Python 2.3; on Python's support for time

and money operations, both old and new; and on new, advanced tools introduced in Python 2.2

and following releases (custom descriptors, decorators, metaclasses). Each chapter contains an

introduction, written by an expert in the field, followed by recipes selected from the online

cookbook (in some casesabout 5% of this book's recipesa few new recipes were specially written

for this volume) and edited to fit the book's formatting and style requirements. Alex (with some

help from Anna) did the vast majority of the selectiondetermining which recipes from the first

edition to keep and update, and selecting new recipes to add, or merge with others, from the

nearly 1,000 available on the site (so, if a recipe you posted to the cookbook site didn't get into

this printed edition, it's his fault!). He also decided which subjects just had to be covered and

thus might need specially written recipesalthough he couldn't manage to get quite all of the

specially written recipes he wanted, so anything that's missing, and wasn't on the cookbook site,

might not be entirely his fault.

Once the selection was complete, the work turned to editing the recipes, and to merging multiple

recipes, as well as incorporating important contents from many significant comments posted

about the recipes. This proved to be quite a challenge, just as it had been for the first edition,

but even more so. The recipes varied widely in their organization, level of completeness, and

sophistication. With over 300 authors involved, over 300 different "voices" were included in the

text. We have striven to maintain a variety of styles to reflect the true nature of this book, the

book written by the entire Python community. However, we edited each recipe, sometimes quite

considerably, to make it as accessible and useful as possible, ensuring enough uniformity in

structure and presentation to maximize the usability of the book as a whole. Most recipes, both

from the first edition and from the online site, had to be updated, sometimes heavily, to take

advantage of new tools and better approaches developed since those recipes were originally

posted. We also carefully reconsidered (and slightly altered) the ordering of chapters, and the

placement and ordering of recipes within chapters; our goal in this reordering was to maximize

the book's usefulness for both newcomers to Python and seasoned veterans, and, also, for both

readers tackling the book sequentially, cover to cover, and ones just dipping in, in "random

access" fashion, to look for help on some specific area.

While the book should thus definitely be accessible "by hops and jumps," we nevertheless believe

a first sequential skim will amply repay the modest time you, the reader, invest in it. On such a

skim, skip every recipe that you have trouble following or that is of no current interest to you.

Despite the skipping, you'll still get a sense of how the whole book hangs together and of where

certain subjects are covered, which will stand you in good stead both for later in-depth

sequential reading, if that's your choice, and for "random access" reading. To further help you

get a sense of what's where in the book, here's a capsule summary of each chapter's contents,

and equally capsule bios of the Python experts who were so kind as to take on the task of writing

the chapters' "Introduction" sections.

Chapter 1, introduction by Fred L. Drake, Jr.

This chapter contains recipes for manipulating text in a variety of ways, including

combining, filtering, and formatting strings, substituting variables throughout a text

document, and dealing with Unicode.

Fred Drake is a member of the PythonLabs group, working on Python development. A

father of three, Fred is best known in the Python community for single-handedly

maintaining the official documentation. Fred is a co-author of Python & XML (O'Reilly).

Chapter 2, introduction by Mark Lutz

This chapter presents techniques for working with data in files and for manipulating files

and directories within the filesystem, including specific file formats and archive formats

such as tar and zip.

Mark Lutz is well known to most Python users as the most prolific author of Python books,

including Programming Python, Python Pocket Reference, and Learning Python (all from

O'Reilly), which he co-authored with David Ascher. Mark is also a leading Python trainer,

spreading the Python gospel throughout the world.

Chapter 3, introduction by Gustavo Niemeyer and Facundo Batista

This chapter (new in this edition) presents tools and techniques for working with dates,

times, decimal numbers, and some other money-related issues.

Gustavo Niemeyer is the author of the third-party dateutil module, as well as a variety of

other Python extensions and projects. Gustavo lives in Brazil. Facundo Batista is the author

of the Decimal PEP 327, and of the standard library module decimal, which brought

floating-point decimal support to Python 2.4. He lives in Argentina. The editors were

delighted to bring them together for this introduction.

Chapter 4, introduction by David Ascher

This chapter includes recipes for many common techniques that can be used anywhere, or

that don't really fit into any of the other, more specific recipe categories.

David Ascher is a co-editor of this volume. David's background spans physics, vision

research, scientific visualization, computer graphics, a variety of programming languages,

co-authoring Learning Python (O'Reilly), teaching Python, and these days, a slew of

technical and nontechnical tasks such as managing the ActiveState team. David also gets

roped into organizing Python conferences on a regular basis.

Chapter 5, introduction by Tim Peters

This chapter covers techniques for searching and sorting in Python. Many of the recipes

explore creative uses of the stable and fast list.sort in conjunction with the decorate-

sort-undecorate (DSU) idiom (newly built in with Python 2.4), while others demonstrate

the power of heapq, bisect, and other Python searching and sorting tools.

Tim Peters, also known as the tim-bot, is one of the mythological figures of the Python

world. He is the oracle, channeling Guido van Rossum when Guido is busy, channeling the

IEEE-754 floating-point committee when anyone asks anything remotely relevant, and

appearing conservative while pushing for a constant evolution in the language. Tim is a

member of the PythonLabs team.

Chapter 6, introduction by Alex Martelli

This chapter offers a wide range of recipes that demonstrate the power of object-oriented

programming with Python, including fundamental techniques such as delegating and

controlling attribute access via special methods, intermediate ones such as the

implementation of various design patterns, and some simple but useful applications of

advanced concepts, such as custom metaclasses, which are covered in greater depth in

Chapter 20.

Alex Martelli, also known as the martelli-bot, is a co-editor of this volume. After almost a

decade with IBM Research, then a bit more than that with think3, inc., Alex now works as a

freelance consultant, most recently for AB Strakt, a Swedish Python-centered firm. He also

edits and writes Python articles and books, including Python in a Nutshell (O'Reilly) and,

occasionally, research works on the game of contract bridge.

Chapter 7, introduction by Aaron Watters

This chapter presents Python techniques for persistence, including serialization approaches

and interaction with various databases.

Aaron Watters was one of the earliest advocates of Python and is an expert in databases.

He's known for having been the lead author on the first book on Python (Internet

Programming with Python, M&T Books, now out of print), and he has authored many

widely used Python extensions, such as kjBuckets and kwParsing. Aaron currently works

as a freelance consultant.

Chapter 8, introduction by Mark Hammond

This chapter includes a collection of recipes that assist with the debugging and testing

process, from customizing error logging and traceback information, to unit testing with

custom modules, unittest and doctest.

Mark Hammond is best known for his work supporting Python on the Windows platform.

With Greg Stein, he built an incredible library of modules interfacing Python to a wide

variety of APIs, libraries, and component models such as COM. He is also an expert

designer and builder of developer tools, most notably Pythonwin and Komodo. Finally,

Mark is an expert at debugging even the most messy systemsduring Komodo

development, for example, Mark was often called upon to debug problems that spanned

three languages (Python, C++, JavaScript), multiple threads, and multiple processes. Mark

is also co-author, with Andy Robinson, of Python Programming on Win32 (O'Reilly).

Chapter 9, introduction by Greg Wilson

This chapter covers a variety of techniques for concurrent programming, including threads,

queues, and multiple processes.

Greg Wilson writes children's books, as well as books on parallel programming and data

crunching. When he's not doing that, he's a contributing editor with Doctor Dobb's Journal,

an adjunct professor in Computer Science at the University of Toronto, and a freelance

software developer. Greg was the original driving force behind the Software Carpentry

project, and he recently received a grant from the Python Software Foundation to develop

Pythonic course material for computational scientists and engineers.

Chapter 10, introduction by Donn Cave

This chapter includes recipes for a number of common system administration tasks, from

generating passwords and interacting with the Windows registry, to handling mailbox and

web server issues.

Donn Cave is a software engineer at the University of Washington's central computer site.

Over the years, Donn has proven to be a fount of information on comp.lang.python on all

matters related to system calls, Unix, system administration, files, signals, and the like.

Chapter 11, introduction by Fredrik Lundh

This chapter contains recipes for common GUI tasks, mostly with Tkinter, but also a

smattering of wxPython, Qt, image processing, and GUI recipes specific to Jython (for

JVMJava Virtual Machine), Mac OS X, and IronPython (for dotNET).

Fredrik Lundh, also known as the eff-bot, is the CTO of Secret Labs AB, a Swedish Python-

focused company providing a variety of products and technologies. Fredrik is the world's

leading expert on Tkinter (the most popular GUI toolkit for Python), as well as the main

author of the Python Imaging Library (PIL). He is also the author of Python Standard

Library (O'Reilly), which is a good complement to this volume and focuses on the modules

in the standard Python library. Finally, he is a prolific contributor to comp.lang.python,

helping novices and experts alike.

Chapter 12, introduction by Paul Prescod

This chapter offers techniques for parsing, processing, and generating XML using a variety

of Python tools.

Paul Prescod is an expert in three technologies: Python, which he need not justify; XML,

which makes sense in a pragmatic world (Paul is co-author of the XML Handbook, with

Charles Goldfarb, published by Prentice Hall); and Unicode, which somehow must address

some deep-seated desire for pain and confusion that neither of the other two technologies

satisfies. Paul is currently a product manager at Blast Radius.

Chapter 13, introduction by Guido van Rossum

This chapter covers a variety of network programming techniques, from writing basic TCP

clients and servers to manipulating MIME messages.

Guido created Python, nurtured it throughout its infancy, and is shepherding its growth.

Need we say more?

Chapter 14, introduction by Andy McKay

This chapter presents a variety of web-related recipes, including ones for CGI scripting,

running a Java servlet with Jython, and accessing the content of web pages.

Andy McKay is the co-founder and vice president of Enfold Systems. In the last few years,

Andy went from being a happy Perl user to a fanatical Python, Zope, and Plone expert. He

wrote the Definitive Guide to Plone (Apress) and runs the popular Zope discussion site,

http://www.zopezen.org.

Chapter 15, introduction by Jeremy Hylton

This chapter provides recipes for using Python in simple distributed systems, including

XML-RPC, CORBA, and Twisted's Perspective Broker.

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