德国工业4.0：智能制造业的未来

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"Smart Manufacturing for the Future - German Trade Inves" 智能制造业是未来的重要趋势，这一概念在德国被称为"Industrie 4.0"，是德国政府2020年高科技战略的一部分，旨在使德国成为集成工业的领先市场和解决方案提供者。Industrie 4.0的核心理念是通过数字化、网络化和自动化技术推动制造业的创新与发展，这标志着第四次工业革命的到来。第一代工业革命开启了机械生产的时代，而Industrie 4.0则代表了制造业的又一次飞跃，它将传统的生产流程与现代信息技术紧密结合。这次革命的关键在于实现工厂的全面互联，从生产机器到物流系统，再到产品本身，都将被嵌入智能传感器和通信设备，形成所谓的"智能工厂"。在这个框架下，生产过程变得更加灵活和高效，可以根据市场需求快速调整，实现定制化生产。价值链条不再仅仅是线性的，而是转变为价值网络，各个生产环节之间实现无缝协作，数据流在整个生产过程中起着关键作用。通过大数据分析和预测性维护，企业可以减少停机时间，提高产品质量，并降低运营成本。德国贸易与投资机构在"GERMANY.SMART SOLUTIONS.SMARTER BUSINESS."的国际营销活动中，密切关注智能制造和生产领域的发展，致力于推动Industrie 4.0的实施。该机构发布了一系列成果，为德国在全球范围内推广其智能解决方案和服务做出了贡献。随着Industrie 4.0的推进，无数新的市场和商业机会正在诞生。例如，物联网（IoT）技术的应用使得设备能够自我诊断并进行预防性维护，降低了维护成本；增材制造（3D打印）使得复杂零部件的生产更为便捷，降低了库存压力；人工智能和机器学习技术则提高了生产过程的智能化程度，实现了自动决策和优化。 Industrie 4.0不仅仅是一场技术变革，更是一种全新的生产哲学，它将改变我们对制造业的认知，推动全球经济向更加可持续、高效和创新的方向发展。无论是制造商、供应商还是消费者，都将在这场革命中找到新的机遇和挑战。现在，全球的目光正聚焦于德国，看它如何引领这场工业生产的未来变革。

INDUSTRIE 4.0 - SMART MANUFACTURING FOR THE FUTURE WWW.GTAI.COM

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WHAT DOES INDUSTRIE 4.0 MEAN FOR

THE SOFTWARE SECTOR – ERP OR MES?

INDUSTRIE 4.0 has sparked a debate within the Ger-

man software industry as to whether enterprise

resource planning (ERP) or manufacturing execu-

tion systems (MES) will establish themselves as

the dominant software system force in production

environments. Some industry voices believe that

ERP software will be directly linked to process con-

trol systems (PCS) at the production level, thereby

eliminating the need for ERP software. Conversely,

a significant contingent considers MES software to

be excellently situated for the implementation of IN-

DUSTRIE 4.0.

In reality, the answer is not as clear cut, as INDUS-

TRIE 4.0 will also cause significant transformation

in the field of production management software.

However, because both traditional ERP and MES

functionalities remain indispensable to production

management, it remains unlikely that one software

system will replace the other.

A more likely scenario is the increasing convergence

of the two systems, with the line dividing corporate

IT and production IT becoming blurred. This scenario

matches the essence of interdisciplinary integration

and the different stages of the product cycle foreseen

in INDUSTRIE 4.0 (e.g., idea, development, produc-

tion, service, and phasing out). Software systems

utilized in INDUSTRIE 4.0 will also have to address

new challenges including, for example, data correla-

tions, as a result of ever more semantic networks and

learning applications and the need to manage ever

larger and more complex amounts of data.

1.4 CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS

ber-physical systems (CPS) are enabling technolo-

gies which bring the virtual and physical worlds to-

gether to create a truly networked world in which in-

telligent objects communicate and interact with each

other. Cyber-physical systems represent the next evo-

lutionary step from existing embedded systems. To-

gether with the internet and the data and services

available online, embedded systems join to form cy-

ber-physical systems.

Cyber-physical systems provide the basis for the cre-

ation of an Internet of Things, which combines with the

Internet of Services to make INDUSTRIE 4.0 possible.

They are “enabling technologies” which make multiple

innovative applications and processes a reality as the

boundaries between the real and virtual worlds disap-

pear. As such, they promise to revolutionize our inter-

actions with the physical world in much the same way

that the internet has transformed personal communi-

cation and interaction.

The interplay between high performance software-

based embedded systems and dedicated user interfac-

es which are integrated into digital networks creates a

completely new world of system functionality. Modern

mobile telephones are perhaps the most obvious ex-

ample of this, offering as they do a complete bundle of

applications and services which completely outstrip

the device’s original telephony function. Cyber-physi-

cal systems also represent a paradigm break from ex-

isting business and market models, as revolutionary

new applications, service providers and value chains

become possible.

Industry sectors including the automotive industry,

the energy economy and, not least, production tech-

nology (“INDUSTRIE 4.0”) for example, will in turn be

transformed by these new value chain models. Global

megatrends of globalization, urbanization, demographic

change and energy transformation are the transfor-

mative forces driving the technological impulse to

identify solutions for a world in flux. In the future,

cyber-physical systems will make contributions to hu-

man security, efficiency, comfort and health in ways

not previously imaginable. In doing so, they will play a

central part in addressing the fundamental challeng-

es posed by demographic change, scarcity of natural

resources, sustainable mobility, and energy change.

1.5 CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS AND THE

INTERNET OF THINGS, DATA AND SERVICES

The “The Evolution of Embedded Systems into the In-

ternet of Things, Data and Services” illustration de-

picts the vision of a global “Internet of Things, Data

and Services” through the evolutionary development

of embedded system as a result of their being net-

worked over the internet. Closed embedded systems

(e.g. airbags) represent the starting point. Recom-

mendations for the next step to locally networked em-

bedded systems were already made in the National

Roadmap Embedded Systems 2009. acatech’s “Agenda

CPS” study extended the spectrum to global network-

ing (one example being the intelligent networked road

junction that makes use of traffic jam information).

Cyber-physical systems represent the next stage on

the road to the creation of smart cities through the

creation of an Internet of Things, Data and Services.

Vision: Internet of Things, Data and Services

e.g. Smart City

Cyber-Physical Systems

e.g. intelligent networked road junction

THE EVOLUTION OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS INTO

THE INTERNET OF THINGS, DATA AND SERVICES

Networked Embedded Systems

e.g. autonomous aviation

Embedded Systems

e.g. airbag

Health

CPS Smart

Health Scenario

Mobility

CPS Smart

Mobility

Scenario

Energy

CPS Smart

Grid Scenario

...

CPS ...

Scenario...

THE INTERNET OF SERVICES

Cross-sectional themes applicable to all application scenarios:

Semantic technologies, Cloud computing, Operator platforms for services

Source: Germany Trade & Invest 2013 (based on “IKT als Innovationsmotor für alle Bedarfsfelder – die Relevanz des »Internets der Zukunft« in „BERICHT DER PROMOTOREN-

GRUPPE KOMMUNIKATION – IM FOKUS: DAS ZUKUNFTSPROJEKT INDUSTRIE 4.0 HANDLUNGSEMPFEHLUNGEN ZUR UMSETZUNG”, Forschungsunion 2012)

ICT AS INNOVATION MOTOR FOR ALL FIELDS OF DEMAND -

RELEVANCE OF THE INTERNET OF THE FUTURE

THE INTERNET OF THINGS

CPS cross-sectional themes applicable to all application scenarios:

Security, long-term operations, engineering, training and advanced training,

standards and norms, reference architecture

Source: Acatech 2011

Industry

CPS Smart

Factory

Scenario

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