iPhone人机交互指南:设计出色应用的秘诀

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"iPhone人机交互指南" iPhone人机交互指南是苹果公司为开发者提供的一份详细文档,旨在帮助他们设计出符合iPhone用户习惯且高效友好的应用界面。这份指南覆盖了从规划应用到构建用户界面的全过程,适用于各种经验水平的开发者。 1. **规划iPhone应用** - **iPhone操作系统**:iPhone操作系统提供了丰富的功能,如多点触控、电子邮件、即时通讯、全功能浏览器等,同时支持原生应用和基于Web的应用。 - **平台差异**:iPhone的屏幕尺寸较小,内存有限,采用单窗口和单任务系统,强调易用性和直觉性。 - **应用类型**:包括纯iPhone应用、基于Web的应用和混合类应用。应用设计时需考虑其风格,如高效应用、工具类应用和浸入式应用。 2. **人机界面原则** - **隐喻现实世界**:设计应反映真实世界的逻辑,使用户能直观理解。 - **直接操控**:鼓励用户直接与内容互动,减少间接操作。 - **少输入多选择**:减少用户输入,提供更多预设选项或自动填充。 - **反馈**:及时响应用户操作,给予视觉或听觉反馈。 - **用户可控性**:确保用户始终知道当前状态,并能撤销或更改操作。 - **整体审美感**:保持界面美观且一致的设计风格。 3. **设计iPhone应用** - **创建产品定义说明**:明确应用目标、用户群体和功能需求。 - **吸收优秀特性**:借鉴现有成功应用的优点,确保应用简洁易用。 - **关注主要任务**:设计应专注于核心功能,避免分散用户注意力。 - **有效沟通**:通过清晰的界面和文字提示,传达信息给用户。 - **支持手势**:合理利用iPhone的手势操作,如滑动、捏合等。 - **品牌元素**:在保持易用性的同时,适当加入品牌标识,但要谨慎处理,避免干扰用户体验。 4. **处理常见任务** - 指南还涵盖了如何处理常见的用户交互任务,如导航、表单填写、错误处理等,以提高应用的实用性和用户满意度。 这份指南不仅适用于iPhone,也适用于其他使用iOS操作系统的设备,如iPad。它强调了以人为本的设计理念,是开发高质量iOS应用的重要参考资料。通过遵循这些原则和建议,开发者可以创造出让用户喜爱且易于使用的应用程序。
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Introduction Introduction 9 At a Glance 9 Great iOS Apps Embrace the Platform and HI Design Principles 9 Great App Design Begins with Some Clear Definitions 10 A Great User Experience Is Rooted in Your Attention to Detail 10 People Expect to Find iOS Technologies in the Apps They Use 10 All Apps Need at Least Some Custom Artwork 11 Chapter 1 Platform Characteristics 13 The Display Is Paramount, Regardless of Its Size 13 Device Orientation Can Change 14 Apps Respond to Gestures, Not Clicks 14 People Interact with One App at a Time 15 Preferences Are Available in Settings 16 Onscreen User Help Is Minimal 16 Most iOS Apps Have a Single Window 17 Two Types of Software Run in iOS 17 Safari on iOS Provides the Web Interface 18 Chapter 2 Human Interface Principles 21 Aesthetic Integrity 21 Consistency 21 Direct Manipulation 22 Feedback 22 Metaphors 22 User Control 23 Chapter 3 App Design Strategies 25 Create an Application Definition Statement 25 1. List All the Features You Think Users Might Like 25 2. Determine Who Your Users Are 26 3. Filter the Feature List Through the Audience Definition 26 4. Don’t Stop There 26 Design the App for the Device 27 Embrace iOS UI Paradigms 27 Ensure that Universal Apps Run Well on Both iPhone and iPad 28 Reconsider Web-Based Designs 28 Tailor Customization to the Task 29 Prototype and Iterate 31 Chapter 4 Case Studies: Transitioning to iOS 33 From Mail on the Desktop to Mail on iPhone 33 From Keynote on the Desktop to Keynote on iPad 35 From Mail on iPhone to Mail on iPad 38 From a Desktop Browser to Safari on iOS 41 Chapter 5 User Experience Guidelines 47 Focus on the Primary Task 47 Elevate the Content that People Care About 48 Think Top Down 48 Give People a Logical Path to Follow 48 Make Usage Easy and Obvious 49 Use User-Centric Terminology 50 Minimize the Effort Required for User Input 50 Downplay File-Handling Operations 50 Enable Collaboration and Connectedness 51 De-emphasize Settings 52 Brand Appropriately 53 Make Search Quick and Rewarding 53 Entice and Inform with a Well-Written Description 54 Be Succinct 55 Use UI Elements Consistently 55 Consider Adding Physicality and Realism 56 Delight People with Stunning Graphics 57 Handle Orientation Changes 58 Make Targets Fingertip-Size 60 Use Subtle Animation to Communicate 61 Support Gestures Appropriately 62 Ask People to Save Only When Necessary 63 Make Modal Tasks Occasional and Simple 63 Start Instantly 64 Always Be Prepared to Stop 65 Don’t Quit Programmatically 65 If Necessary, Display a License Agreement or Disclaimer 65 For iPad: Enhance Interactivity (Don’t Just Add Features) 66 For iPad: Reduce Full-Screen Transitions 66 For iPad: Restrain Your Information Hierarchy 67 For iPad: Consider Using Popovers for Some Modal Tasks 69 For iPad: Migrate Toolbar Content to the Top 70 Chapter 6 iOS Technology Usage Guidelines 73 iCloud Storage 73 Multitasking 74 Notification Center 76 Printing 80 iAd Rich Media Ads 81 Quick Look Document Preview 87 Sound 88 Understand User Expectations 88 Define the Audio Behavior of Your App 89 Manage Audio Interruptions 93 Handle Media Remote Control Events, if Appropriate 94 VoiceOver and Accessibility 95 Edit Menu 96 Undo and Redo 98 Keyboards and Input Views 99 Location Services 99 Chapter 7 iOS UI Element Usage Guidelines 101 Bars 101 The Status Bar 101 Navigation Bar 102 Toolbar 105 Tab Bar 106 Content Views 108 Popover (iPad Only) 108 Split View (iPad Only) 111 Table View 113 Text View 121 Web View 122 Container View Controller 123 Alerts, Action Sheets, and Modal Views 123 Alert 123 Action Sheet 127 Modal View 130 Controls 133 Activity Indicator 133 Date and Time Picker 133 Detail Disclosure Button 134 Info Button 135 Label 135 Network Activity Indicator 136 Page Indicator 136 Picker 137 5 2011-10-12 | . 2011 Apple Inc. All Rights Reserved. CONTENTS Progress View 138 Rounded Rectangle Button 139 Scope Bar 139 Search Bar 140 Segmented Control 141 Slider 142 Stepper 143 Switch 143 Text Field 144 System-Provided Buttons and Icons 145 Standard Buttons for Use in Toolbars and Navigation Bars 145 Standard Icons for Use in Tab Bars 148 Standard Buttons for Use in Table Rows and Other UI Elements 149 Chapter 8 Custom Icon and Image Creation Guidelines 151 Tips for Designing Great Icons and Images 152 Tips for Creating Great Artwork for the Retina Display 153 Tips for Creating Resizable Images 154 Application Icons 155 Launch Images 157 Small Icons 159 Document Icons 160 Document Icon Specifications for iPhone 160 Document Icon Specifications for iPad 161 Web Clip Icons 163 Icons for Navigation Bars, Toolbars, and Tab Bars 164 Newsstand Icons 166 Document Revision History 169