水分散型石墨烯/偶联苯衍生物复合纳米材料：高效CEA电化学免疫传感器
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该研究论文发表在《传感器与执行器B：化学》(Sensors and Actuators B)的248期上，重点关注一种新型水分散性的石墨烯/亲水性芘衍生物纳米复合材料在癌胚抗原(CEA)电化学免疫检测中的应用。标题"Water-dispersible graphene/amphiphilic pyrene derivative nanocomposite: High AuNPs loading capacity for CEA electrochemical immunosensing"表明了研究的核心内容。
研究团队主要探索了如何通过合成这种特殊的纳米复合物来提高金纳米颗粒(AuNPs)在检测癌胚抗原（CEA）时的负载能力。CEA是一种在许多恶性肿瘤标志物中常见的蛋白质，其电化学免疫传感器因其灵敏度和选择性而被广泛用于生物医学诊断。石墨烯作为一种二维碳纳米材料，由于其高比表面积、优异的导电性和稳定性，常被用作生物传感器的基底。
该工作中的关键创新在于开发了一种水溶性的石墨烯/亲水性芘衍生物纳米复合物。亲水性芘衍生物可能提供了有效的界面修饰，使得石墨烯能与AuNPs稳定结合，并且在溶液中保持良好的分散性。这种结合有助于增强AuNPs对CEA的捕获能力，从而提高传感器的检测性能。
在制备过程中，研究者采用了4-臂聚乙二醇-NH2作为连接剂，这是一种常见的生物相容性分子，可以增强纳米复合物与生物分子的相互作用。通过这种方式，他们实现了高效、可控的AuNPs负载，这对于提高免疫传感器的信号放大和敏感性至关重要。
该论文报道了实验步骤、结果显示和分析，包括纳米复合物的制备方法、电化学免疫传感器的构建过程以及CEA检测的性能评估。通过优化合成条件和检测条件，研究者展示了这种新型纳米复合材料在实际应用中的潜力，尤其是在癌症早期筛查中的应用前景。
总结来说，这篇研究论文探讨了一种创新的纳米材料设计，它在提高电化学免疫传感器的性能方面展现出了巨大的潜力，特别是在癌症标志物CEA的检测中。这不仅推进了石墨烯基传感器技术的发展，也为未来的生物标记物检测提供了一种有前景的策略。
Sensors
and
Actuators
B
248
(2017)
966–972
Contents
lists
available
at
ScienceDirect
Sensors
and
Actuators
B:
Chemical
jo
u
r
nal
homep
age:
www.elsevier.com/locate/snb
Water-dispersible
graphene/amphiphilic
pyrene
derivative
nanocomposite:
High
AuNPs
loading
capacity
for
CEA
electrochemical
immunosensing
Yu
Li
a
,
Ying
Chen
a
,
Dongmei
Deng
a
,
Liqiang
Luo
a,∗
,
Haibo
He
a
,
Zhenxin
Wang
b,∗
a
College
of
Sciences,
Shanghai
University,
Shanghai,
200444,
PR
China
b
State
Key
Laboratory
of
Electroanalytical
Chemistry,
Changchun
Institute
of
Applied
Chemistry,
Chinese
Academy
of
Sciences,
Changchun,
130022,
PR
China
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
i
n
f
o
Article
history:
Received
12
October
2016
Received
in
revised
form
17
February
2017
Accepted
22
February
2017
Available
online
24
February
2017
Keywords:
Graphene
Amphiphilic
pyrene
derivative
4-armed
poly(ethylene
glycol)-NH
2
Gold
nanoparticles
Impedimetric
immunosensor
a
b
s
t
r
a
c
t
In
this
work,
a
water-dispersible
graphene/amphiphilic
pyrene
derivative
nanocomposite
has
been
syn-
thesized
for
electrochemical
immunosensing
carcinoembryonic
antigen
(CEA).
Water-soluble
4-armed
poly(ethylene
glycol)-NH
2
is
immobilized
on
graphene
through
noncovalent
functionalization
with
the
assistance
of
pyrene
as
an
anchor
group.
The
noncovalent
functionalization
strategy
can
significantly
improve
the
hydrophilicity
of
graphene
and
loading
capacity
of
gold
nanoparticles
(AuNPs)
on
graphene,
resulting
in
efficient
immobilization
of
antibodies
on
the
nanocomposite.
The
morphology
and
conduc-
tivity
of
the
as-prepared
nanocomposites
were
characterized
by
scanning
electron
microscopy,
Fourier
transform
infrared
and
UV–vis
spectroscopy,
cyclic
voltammetry
(CV)
and
electrochemical
impedance
spectroscopy
(EIS).
CEA
monoclonal
antibody
(anti-CEA)
is
immobilized
on
AuNPs
via
gold-thiol
chem-
istry
to
construct
the
electrochemical
immunosensing
platform,
and
the
surface
binding
events
between
anti-CEA
and
CEA
is
achieved
by
monitoring
the
change
of
the
electrochemical
impedance
response.
Under
optimum
conditions,
the
modified
electrode
exhibits
a
linear
impedance
response
to
CEA
in
a
wide
range
of
0.1–1000
ng
mL
−1
(R
2
=
0.9959)
with
low
detection
limit
of
0.06
ng
mL
−1
(S/N
=
3).
©
2017
Elsevier
B.V.
All
rights
reserved.
1.
Introduction
As
a
member
of
glycoprotein
with
molecular
mass
of
∼200
kDa,
Carcinoembryonic
antigen
(CEA)
is
a
broad-spectrum
tumor
marker
in
pancreatic
cancer,
lung
cancer,
breast
cancer
and
other
gynecological
cancers
[1].
Tumor
markers
are
usually
utilized
to
indicate
the
presence
and
progression
of
tumors,
for
their
con-
centration
in
human
blood
is
closely
associated
with
the
stages
of
tumors.
Therefore,
tumor
markers
are
of
great
significance
to
clinical
research
and
diagnostic
application
[2].
Featured
with
the
highly
biospecific
molecular
recognition
of
antibody
and
epitopes
of
an
antigen,
tumor
markers
thus
have
been
detected
by
numerous
immunoassays
[3–6].
Because
of
their
convenient
and
label-free
properties,
electrochemical
impedance
immunosensors
have
been
extensively
used
to
monitor
the
interfacial
properties
of
highly
biospecific
recognition
interaction
between
the
antigen
and
anti-
body
[7–9].
The
electrochemical
impedance
immunosensors
are
∗
Corresponding
authors.
E-mail
addresses:
luck@shu.edu.cn
(L.
Luo),
wangzx@ciac.jl.cn
(Z.
Wang).
normally
based
on
measuring
the
change
of
electron
transfer
resis-
tance
during
the
biorecognition
taking
place
on
the
electrode
surface,
and
therefore
achieved
the
instantaneous
detection
of
tumor
markers
[10–13].
Due
to
its
outstanding
chemical
and
physical
properties,
such
as
2D
sheet
structure,
high
surface
to
area,
excellent
electrical
conductivity
and
easy
functionalization,
graphene
(GR)
has
drawn
significant
interest
in
the
electrochemical
biosensor
field
[14–16].
Nevertheless,
the
direct
dispersion
of
hydrophobic
GR
in
aque-
ous
media
is
prone
to
form
irreversible
agglomerates
through
the
attractive
interactions
of
van
der
Waals,
which
becomes
a
great
challenge
in
the
applications
of
GR
[17–19].
To
date,
var-
ious
methods
have
been
proposed
for
immobilizing
hydrophilic
molecules
on
GR
surface,
both
covalently
and
noncovalently,
to
improve
its
hydrophilicity
and
biocompatibility
[20–27].
The
non-
covalent
functionalization
of
GR
is
more
promising
because
GR
can
be
loaded
with
large
amounts
of
aromatic
molecules
via
-
stacking
and
hydrophobic
interactions
while
preserving
its
intrinsic
electrical
properties,
whereas
the
covalent
functionalization
will
alter
GR
conductivity
while
modifying
its
sp
2
lattice
structure
[28,29].
For
these
reasons,
we
propose
the
synthesis
of
amphiphilic
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2017.02.138
0925-4005/©
2017
Elsevier
B.V.
All
rights
reserved.
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