VPP-4.3: VISA库规范与历史修订

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"The VISA Library 是一个表述 Visa 接口规范的文档，它随着版本迭代不断更新，增加了各种功能和改进。" 《The VISA Library》是VISA（Virtual Instrument Software Architecture）接口规范的核心文档，它定义了与各种仪器设备进行通信的标准协议和编程接口。VISA库支持多种仪器接口技术，如 GPIB (General Purpose Interface Bus)，VXI (Virtual eXtensible Instrumentation)，TCP/IP，USB (Universal Serial Bus) 等，旨在简化和标准化不同硬件平台上的软件开发。 1. **历史修订概述**: - **Revision 1.0**（1995年12月29日）：首次发布的VISA文档，引入了锁定机制、异步I/O、32位寄存器访问、块传输、共享内存操作以及串行接口支持。 - **Revision 1.1**（1997年1月22日）：增加了新属性、错误代码、事件和格式化I/O修饰符。 - **Revision 2.0**（1997年12月5日）：添加了错误处理事件、更多格式化I/O操作、更多的串行属性以及扩展的搜索功能。 - **Revision 2.0.1**（1998年12月4日）：更新了visatype.h中的新类型，增强了viGpibControlREN的功能，并提供了关于联系Alliance的最新信息。 - **Revision 2.2**（1999年11月19日）：引入了新的资源类，包括GPIB的INTFC和SERVANT，VXI的BACKPLANE和SERVANT，以及TCP/IP的INSTR，SOCKET和SERVANT。 - **Revision 3.0 Draft**（2003年1月28日）：添加了USB INSTR的新资源类，并扩展了解析能力。 2. **VISA的关键特性**： - **多平台兼容性**：VISA库支持在不同操作系统上运行，如Windows，Linux，Mac OS等，确保了跨平台的兼容性。 - **标准接口**：通过统一的API（应用程序编程接口），开发者可以编写一次代码，应用于多种仪器设备，减少了开发时间和复杂性。 - **高级功能**：包括异步I/O，允许程序在等待数据传输完成时执行其他任务，提高效率；以及错误处理机制，提供强大的错误诊断和恢复功能。 - **资源管理**：VISA库提供了对仪器资源的管理和搜索，允许用户根据特定标准查找并连接仪器。 - **通信协议支持**：不仅涵盖了传统的GPIB和VXI，还适应了网络化和数字化的趋势，增加了TCP/IP和USB的支持。 3. **VISA库的应用**： - **仪器控制**：在测试测量领域，VISA库被广泛用于编写测试脚本和应用程序，控制各种测试设备进行自动化测试。 - **数据分析**：通过VISA接口，用户可以高效地从仪器读取数据，进行实时分析或后期处理。 - **设备驱动开发**：VISA库为开发仪器驱动提供了便利，使得仪器制造商能够快速推出符合VISA标准的驱动程序。 4. **版本更新的影响**： - 随着USB INSTR类的加入，VISA库进一步扩大了对现代高速、低功耗设备的支持，适应了电子设备接口技术的发展。 - 扩展的解析能力意味着VISA库能够处理更复杂的通信协议，提高了数据传输的准确性和效率。《The VISA Library》是一个不断发展和完善的接口规范，它在仪器控制领域起着至关重要的作用，使得开发者能够轻松地与各种仪器设备进行通信，促进了测试测量行业的标准化和效率提升。

Page 2-4 Section 2: Overview of VISA Library Specification

VPP-4.3: The VISA Library VXIplug&play Systems Alliance

2.6 Definition of Terms and Acronyms

The following are some commonly used terms within this document

Address A string (or other language construct) that uniquely locates and identifies a

resource. VISA defines an ASCII-based grammar that associates strings with

particular physical devices or interfaces and VISA resources.

ADE Application Development Environment

API Application Programmers Interface. The direct interface that an end user sees

when creating an application. The VISA API consists of the sum of all of the

operations, attributes, and events of each of the VISA Resource Classes.

Attribute A value within a resource that reflects a characteristic of the operational state of a

resource.

Bus Error An error that signals failed access to an address. Bus errors occur with low-level

accesses to memory and usually involve hardware with bus mapping capabilities.

For example, non-existent memory, a non-existent register, or an incorrect device

access can cause a bus error.

Commander A device that has the ability to control another device. This term can also denote

the unique device that has sole control over another device (as with the VXI

Commander/Servant hierarchy).

Communication

Channel

The same as Session. A communication path between a software element and a

resource. Every communication channel in VISA is unique.

Controller A device that can control another device(s) or is in the process of performing an

operation on another device.

Device An entity that receives commands from a controller. A device can be an

instrument, a computer (acting in a non-controller role), or a peripheral (such as a

plotter or printer). In VISA, the concept of a device is generally the logical

association of several VISA resources.

HiSLIP HiSLIP (High Speed LAN Instrument Protocol) is a protocol for TCP-based

instrument control that provides the instrument-like capabilities of conventional

test and measurement protocols with minimal impact to performance.

Instrument A device that accepts some form of stimulus to perform a designated task, test, or

measurement function. Two common forms of stimuli are message passing and

asynchronous control.

Interface A generic term that applies to the connection between devices and controllers. It

includes the communication media and the device/controller hardware necessary

for cross-communication.

Instrument Driver Library of functions for controlling a specific instrument

Section 2: Overview of VISA Library Specification Page 2-5

VXIplug&play Systems Alliance VPP-4.3: The VISA Library

Mapping An operation that returns a reference to a specified section of an address space

and makes the specified range of addresses accessible to the requester. This

function is independent of memory allocation.

Operation An action defined by a resource that can be performed on a resource.

Process An operating system component that shares a system’s resources. A multi-

process system is a computer system that allows multiple programs to execute

simultaneously, each in a separate process environment. A single-process system

is a computer system that allows only a single program to execute at a given

point in time.

hardware or can be written into to cause hardware to perform a particular action

or to enter a particular state. In other words, an address location that controls

and/or monitors hardware.

Resource Class The definition for how to create a particular resource. In general, this is

synonymous with the connotation of the word class in object-oriented

architectures. For VISA Instrument Control Resource Classes, this refers to the

definition for how to create a resource that controls a particular capability of a

device.

Resource or

Resource Instance

In general, this term is synonymous with the connotation of the word object in

object-oriented architectures. For VISA, resource more specifically refers to a

particular implementation (or instance in object-oriented terms) of a Resource

Class. In VISA, every defined software module is a resource.

Session The same as Communication Channel. A communication path between a

software element and a resource. Every communication channel in VISA is

unique.

SRQ IEEE 488 Service Request. This is an asynchronous request from a remote GPIB

device that requires service. A service request is essentially an interrupt from a

remote device. For GPIB, this amounts to asserting the SRQ line on the GPIB.

For VXI, this amounts to sending the Request for Service True event (REQT).

Status Byte A byte of information returned from a remote device that shows the current state

and status of the device. If the device follows IEEE 488 conventions, bit 6 of the

status byte indicates if the device is currently requesting service.

Template Function Instrument driver subsystem function common to the majority of VXIplug&play

instrument drivers

Top-level Example A high-level test-oriented instrument driver function. It is typically developed

from the instrument driver subsystem functions.

Virtual Instrument A name given to the grouping of software modules (in this case, VISA resources

with any associated or required hardware) to give the functionality of a traditional

stand-alone instrument. Within VISA, a virtual instrument is the logical grouping

of any of the VISA resources. The VISA Instrument Control Resources

Organizer serves as a means to group any number of any type of VISA

Instrument Control Resources within a VISA system.

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VPP-4.3: VISA库规范与历史修订

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