WindowsXPAPI编程终极指南

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last update: 31 july 1999

Contents

Author's Note...........................................................................................................................................2

Contents....................................................................................................................................................3

Section I: The Basics....................................................................................................................13

Chapter 1 -- Getting Started.................................................................................................................13

The Windows Environment ................................................................................................................................ 13

A History of Windows .................................................................................................................................... 13

Aspects of Windows ....................................................................................................................................... 14

Dynamic Linking ............................................................................................................................................ 16

Windows Programming Options......................................................................................................................... 17

APIs and Memory Models .............................................................................................................................. 17

Language Options ........................................................................................................................................... 18

The Programming Environment...................................................................................................................... 18

API Documentation......................................................................................................................................... 19

Your First Windows Program............................................................................................................................. 19

A Character-Mode Model ............................................................................................................................... 19

The Windows Equivalent................................................................................................................................ 20

The Header Files............................................................................................................................................. 21

Program Entry Point........................................................................................................................................ 21

The MessageBox Function.............................................................................................................................. 22

Compile, Link, and Run.................................................................................................................................. 23

Chapter 2 -- An Introduction to Unicode............................................................................................25

A Brief History of Character Sets ....................................................................................................................... 25

American Standards........................................................................................................................................ 25

The World Beyond.......................................................................................................................................... 26

Extending ASCII............................................................................................................................................. 27

Double-Byte Character Sets............................................................................................................................ 28

Unicode to the Rescue..................................................................................................................................... 28

Wide Characters and C ....................................................................................................................................... 29

The char Data Type ........................................................................................................................................ 29

Wider Characters............................................................................................................................................. 30

Wide-Character Library Functions ................................................................................................................. 31

Maintaining a Single Source........................................................................................................................... 32

Wide Characters and Windows........................................................................................................................... 33

Windows Header File Types........................................................................................................................... 33

The Windows Function Calls.......................................................................................................................... 34

Windows’ String Functions............................................................................................................................. 35

Using printf in Windows................................................................................................................................. 35

A Formatting Message Box ............................................................................................................................ 37

Internationalization and This Book................................................................................................................. 38

Chapter 3 -- Windows and Messages...................................................................................................40

A Window of One’s Own ................................................................................................................................... 40

An Architectural Overview............................................................................................................................. 40

The HELLOWIN Program.............................................................................................................................. 41

Thinking Globally........................................................................................................................................... 44

The Windows Function Calls.......................................................................................................................... 44

New Data Types.............................................................................................................................................. 46

Getting a Handle on Handles .......................................................................................................................... 46

Hungarian Notation......................................................................................................................................... 47

Registering the Window Class........................................................................................................................ 48

Creating the Window ...................................................................................................................................... 52

Displaying the Window .................................................................................................................................. 53

The Message Loop.......................................................................................................................................... 54

The Window Procedure .................................................................................................................................. 55

Processing the Messages................................................................................................................................. 56

Playing a Sound File ....................................................................................................................................... 56

The WM_PAINT Message ............................................................................................................................. 57

The WM_DESTROY Message....................................................................................................................... 58

The Windows Programming Hurdles.................................................................................................................. 58

Don’t Call Me, I’ll Call You........................................................................................................................... 58

Queued and Nonqueued Messages.................................................................................................................. 59

Get In and Out Fast......................................................................................................................................... 61

Chapter 4 -- An Exercise in Text Output............................................................................................62

Painting and Repainting...................................................................................................................................... 62

The WM_PAINT Message ............................................................................................................................. 62

Valid and Invalid Rectangles .......................................................................................................................... 63

An Introduction to GDI....................................................................................................................................... 64

The Device Context ........................................................................................................................................ 64

Getting a Device Context Handle: Method One ............................................................................................. 65

The Paint Information Structure...................................................................................................................... 65

Getting a Device Context Handle: Method Two............................................................................................. 67

TextOut: The Details ....................................................................................................................................... 68

The System Font ............................................................................................................................................. 69

The Size of a Character................................................................................................................................... 70

Text Metrics: The Details ............................................................................................................................... 70

Formatting Text .............................................................................................................................................. 72

Putting It All Together .................................................................................................................................... 72

The SYSMETS1.C Window Procedure.......................................................................................................... 78

Not Enough Room .......................................................................................................................................... 79

The Size of the Client Area............................................................................................................................. 79

Scroll Bars........................................................................................................................................................... 80

Scroll Bar Range and Position ........................................................................................................................ 81

Scroll Bar Messages........................................................................................................................................ 83

Scrolling SYSMETS....................................................................................................................................... 85

Structuring Your Program for Painting........................................................................................................... 88

Building a Better Scroll....................................................................................................................................... 89

The Scroll Bar Information Functions ............................................................................................................ 89

How Low Can You Scroll?............................................................................................................................. 91

The New SYSMETS....................................................................................................................................... 91

But I Don’t Like to Use the Mouse................................................................................................................. 96

Chapter 5 -- Basic Drawing..................................................................................................................97

The Structure of GDI .......................................................................................................................................... 97

The GDI Philosophy ....................................................................................................................................... 97

The GDI Function Calls.................................................................................................................................. 98

The GDI Primitives......................................................................................................................................... 99

Other Stuff ...................................................................................................................................................... 99

The Device Context .......................................................................................................................................... 100

Getting a Device Context Handle ................................................................................................................. 100

Getting Device Context Information............................................................................................................. 102

The DEVCAPS1 Program ............................................................................................................................ 102

The Size of the Device.................................................................................................................................. 105

Finding Out About Color .............................................................................................................................. 109

The Device Context Attributes...................................................................................................................... 111

Saving Device Contexts ................................................................................................................................ 112

Drawing Dots and Lines ................................................................................................................................... 113

Setting Pixels ................................................................................................................................................ 113

Straight Lines................................................................................................................................................ 114

The Bounding Box Functions ....................................................................................................................... 118

Bezier Splines ............................................................................................................................................... 124

Using Stock Pens .......................................................................................................................................... 129

Creating, Selecting, and Deleting Pens ......................................................................................................... 130

Filling in the Gaps......................................................................................................................................... 132

Drawing Modes............................................................................................................................................. 132

Drawing Filled Areas........................................................................................................................................ 134

The Polygon Function and the Polygon-Filling Mode.................................................................................. 135

Brushing the Interior ..................................................................................................................................... 139

The GDI Mapping Mode................................................................................................................................... 141

Device Coordinates and Logical Coordinates............................................................................................... 142

The Device Coordinate Systems ................................................................................................................... 142

The Viewport and the Window..................................................................................................................... 143

Working with MM_TEXT ............................................................................................................................ 144

The Metric Mapping Modes.......................................................................................................................... 147

The “Roll Your Own” Mapping Modes........................................................................................................ 149

The WHATSIZE Program ............................................................................................................................ 154

Rectangles, Regions, and Clipping ................................................................................................................... 157

Working with Rectangles.............................................................................................................................. 157

Random Rectangles....................................................................................................................................... 158

Creating and Painting Regions...................................................................................................................... 162

Clipping with Rectangles and Regions ......................................................................................................... 163

The CLOVER Program................................................................................................................................. 163

Chapter 6 -- The Keyboard ................................................................................................................168

Keyboard Basics ............................................................................................................................................... 168

Ignoring the Keyboard .................................................................................................................................. 168

Who’s Got the Focus?................................................................................................................................... 169

Queues and Synchronization......................................................................................................................... 169

Keystrokes and Characters............................................................................................................................ 170

Keystroke Messages.......................................................................................................................................... 170

System and Nonsystem Keystrokes .............................................................................................................. 170

Virtual Key Codes......................................................................................................................................... 171

The lParam Information ............................................................................................................................... 174

Shift States .................................................................................................................................................... 175

Using Keystroke Messages ........................................................................................................................... 176

Enhancing SYSMETS for the Keyboard ...................................................................................................... 177

Character Messages .......................................................................................................................................... 182

The Four Character Messages....................................................................................................................... 183

Message Ordering ......................................................................................................................................... 183

Control Character Processing........................................................................................................................ 185

Dead-Character Messages............................................................................................................................. 185

Keyboard Messages and Character Sets............................................................................................................ 186

The KEYVIEW1 Program............................................................................................................................ 186

The Foreign-Language Keyboard Problem................................................................................................... 190

Character Sets and Fonts............................................................................................................................... 192

What About Unicode?................................................................................................................................... 203

TrueType and Big Fonts ............................................................................................................................... 204

The Caret (Not the Cursor) ............................................................................................................................... 209

The Caret Functions...................................................................................................................................... 209

The TYPER Program.................................................................................................................................... 210

Chapter 7 -- The Mouse......................................................................................................................216

Mouse Basics .................................................................................................................................................... 216

Some Quick Definitions................................................................................................................................ 217

The Plural of Mouse Is….............................................................................................................................. 217

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