MySQL Connector/J 5.1开发指南：安装、配置与应用开发详解

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MySQL Connector/J 5.1 Developer Guide 是一份详尽的文档，专为那些想要使用 MySQL 连接器开发数据库应用程序的开发者设计。该指南详细介绍了如何安装、配置以及利用 MySQL Connector/J 5.1 这个 JDBC 驱动程序与 MySQL 服务器进行交互。JDBC（Java Database Connectivity）是 Java 平台上用于访问关系数据库的标准接口，使得开发者能够通过 Java 应用程序无缝地与 MySQL 数据库进行数据交换。指南不仅针对 MySQL Connector/J 5.1 版本，还包含了对早期版本的回顾，这对于升级或对比不同版本的用户非常有用。通过阅读 MySQL Connector/J 5.1 Release Notes，开发者可以了解到每一版更新中的新功能、改进和可能的改动，确保在开发过程中始终紧跟最新进展。文档的法律部分提供了重要的版权和许可信息，包括商业版和社区版的许可证条款。在遇到任何关于 MySQL 使用的问题时，指南推荐用户前往 MySQL 论坛或邮件列表参与讨论，与其他 MySQL 用户交流解决方案，这有助于快速解决问题并提高开发效率。对于更全面的 MySQL 产品文档，包括翻译成多种语言的版本和不同格式的下载选项，如 HTML 和 PDF，用户可以在 MySQL Documentation Library 寻找。这使得全球开发者可以根据自己的需求获取相应的支持和资料。特别值得注意的是，MySQL Connector/J 5.1 商业版可能包含第三方软件，使用时需遵循特定的许可证协议。在商业环境下，开发者务必查阅相关文档了解这些第三方软件的许可情况，确保在项目开发过程中遵守所有法律要求。 MySQL Connector/J 5.1 Developer Guide 是一个不可或缺的资源，无论是初学者还是经验丰富的开发者，都可以从中获得宝贵的指导，帮助他们构建高效且合规的 MySQL 数据库应用程序。

Installing from Source

shell> ant -projecthelp

9. Install the newly created .jar file for the JDBC driver as you would install a binary .jar file you

download from MySQL by following the instructions given in Section 3.2, “Installing the Driver and

Configuring the CLASSPATH”.

Note that a package containing both the binary and source code for Connector/J 5.1 can also be

downloaded from the Connector/J Download page.

Installing Connector/J 5.1.34 to 5.1.36 from source. To install MySQL Connector/J 5.1.34 to

5.1.36 from the Connector/J source tree on GitHub, make sure that you have the following software on

your system:

• A Git client, to check out the sources from our GitHub repository (available from http://git-scm.com/

downloads).

• Apache Ant version 1.8.2 or newer (available from http://ant.apache.org/).

• JDK 1.6.x AND JDK 1.5.x.

• JUnit libraries (available from https://github.com/junit-team/junit/wiki/Download-and-Install).

• The required .jar files from the Hibernate ORM 4.1 or 4.2 Final release bundle, which is available

at http://sourceforge.net/projects/hibernate/files/hibernate4/.

To check out and compile MySQL Connector/J, follow these steps:

1. Check out the code from the source code repository for MySQL Connector/J located on GitHub at

https://github.com/mysql/mysql-connector-j, using the --branch option to specify the revision tag

for release 5.1.xx:

shell> git clone --branch 5.1.xx https://github.com/mysql/mysql-connector-j.git

Under the current directory, the commands create a mysql-connector-j subdirectory , which

contains the code you want.

2. Make sure that you have both JDK 1.6.x AND JDK 1.5.x installed. You need both JDKs because

Connector/J 5.1 supports both JDBC 3.0 (which has existed prior to JDK 1.6.x) and JDBC 4.0.

3. Place the required junit.jar file in a separate directory—for example, /home/username/ant-

extralibs.

4. In the same directory for extra libraries described in the last step, create a directory named

hibernate4, and put under it all the .jar files you can find under the /lib/required/ folder in

the Hibernate ORM 4 Final release bundle.

5. Change your current working directory to the mysql-connector-j directory created in step 1

above.

6. In the directory, create a file named build.properties to indicate to Ant the locations of the

root directories for your JDK 1.5.x and JDK 1.6.x installations, as well as the location of the extra

libraries. The file should contain the following property settings, with the “path_to_*” parts

replaced by the appropriate filepaths:

com.mysql.jdbc.jdk5=path_to_jdk_1.5

com.mysql.jdbc.jdk6=path_to_jdk_1.6

com.mysql.jdbc.extra.libs=path_to_folder_for_extra_libraries

Alternatively, you can set the values of those properties through the Ant -D options.

7. Issue the following command to compile the driver and create a .jar file for Connector/J:

Installing from Source

shell> ant dist

This creates a build directory in the current directory, where all the build output goes. A directory

is created under the build directory, whose name includes the version number of the release you

are building. That directory contains the sources, the compiled .class files, and a .jar file for

deployment. For more information and other possible targets, including those that create a fully

packaged distribution, issue the following command:

shell> ant -projecthelp

8. Install the newly created .jar file for the JDBC driver as you would install a binary .jar file you

download from MySQL by following the instructions given in Section 3.2, “Installing the Driver and

Configuring the CLASSPATH”.

Installing Connector/J 5.1.33 or earlier from the source tree. To install MySQL Connector/J

5.1.33 or earlier from the Connector/J source tree on GitHub, make sure that you have the following

software on your system:

• A Git client, to check out the source code from our GitHub repository (available from http://git-

scm.com/downloads).

• Apache Ant version 1.7 or newer (available from http://ant.apache.org/).

• JDK 1.6.x AND JDK 1.5.x. Refer to Section 2.2, “Java Versions Supported” for the version of Java

you need to build or run any Connector/J release.

• The Ant Contrib (version 1.03b is available from http://sourceforge.net/projects/ant-contrib/files/ant-

contrib/1.0b3/) and JUnit (available from https://github.com/junit-team/junit/wiki/Download-and-Install)

libraries.

• The required .jar files from the Hibernate ORM 4.1 or 4.2 Final release bundle, which is available

at http://sourceforge.net/projects/hibernate/files/hibernate4/.

To check out and compile a specific branch of MySQL Connector/J, follow these steps:

1. Check out the code from the source code repository for MySQL Connector/J located on GitHub at

https://github.com/mysql/mysql-connector-j, using the --branch option to specify the revision tag

for release 5.1.xx:

shell> git clone --branch 5.1.xx https://github.com/mysql/mysql-connector-j.git

Under the current directory, the commands create a mysql-connector-j subdirectory , which

contains the code you want.

2. To build Connector/J 5.1, make sure that you have both JDK 1.6.x AND JDK 1.5.x installed. You

need both JDKs because Connector/J 5.1 supports both JDBC 3.0 (which has existed prior to

JDK 1.6.x) and JDBC 4.0. Set your JAVA_HOME environment variable to the path to the JDK 1.5.x

installation.

3. Place the required ant-contrib.jar file (in exactly that name, without the version number in it;

rename the jar file if needed) and junit.jar file in a separate directory—for example, /home/

username/ant-extralibs.

4. In the same directory for extra libraries described in the last step, create a directory named

hibernate4, and put under it all the .jar files you can find under the /lib/required/ folder in

the Hibernate ORM 4 Final release bundle.

5. Change your current working directory to the mysql-connector-j directory created in step 1

above.

6. In the directory, create a file named build.properties to indicate to Ant the locations of the

Javac and rt.jar of your JDK 1.6.x, as well as the location of the extra libraries. The file should

Testing Connector/J

contain the following property settings, with the “path_to_*” parts replaced by the appropriate

filepaths:

com.mysql.jdbc.java6.javac=path_to_javac_1.6/javac

com.mysql.jdbc.java6.rtjar=path_to_rt.jar_under_jdk_1.6/rt.jar

com.mysql.jdbc.extra.libs=path_to_folder_for_extra_libraries

Alternatively, you can set the values of those properties through the Ant -D options.

7. Issue the following command to compile the driver and create a .jar file for Connector/J:

shell> ant dist

This creates a build directory in the current directory, where all the build output goes. A directory

is created under the build directory, whose name includes the version number of the release you

are building. That directory contains the sources, the compiled .class files, and a .jar file for

deployment. For more information and other possible targets, including those that create a fully

packaged distribution, issue the following command:

shell> ant -projecthelp

8. Install the newly created .jar file for the JDBC driver as you would install a binary .jar file you

download from MySQL by following the instructions given in Section 3.2, “Installing the Driver and

Configuring the CLASSPATH”.

3.5 Testing Connector/J

The Connector/J source code repository or packages that are shipped with source code include an

extensive test suite, containing test cases that can be executed independently. The test cases are

divided into the following categories:

• Functional or unit tests: Classes from the package testsuite.simple. Include test code for the

main features of the Connector/J.

• Performance tests: Classes from the package testsuite.perf. Include test code to make

measurements for the performance of Connector/J.

• Fabric tests: Classes from the package testsuite.fabric. Includes the code to test Fabric-

specific features. These tests require the setting of some special properties that are not documented

here. Consult the code or the Fabric-related targets in the bundled Ant build file, build.xml.

• Regression tests: Classes from the package testsuite.regression. Includes code for testing

bug and regression fixes.

The bundled Ant build file contains targets like test and test-multijvm, which can facilitate

the process of running the Connector/J tests; see the target descriptions in the build file for details.

Besides the requirements for building Connector/J from the source code described in Section 3.4,

“Installing from Source”, a number of the tests also require the File System Service Provider 1.2 for

the Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI), available at http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/

java/javasebusiness/downloads/java-archive-downloads-java-plat-419418.html)—place the jar

files downloaded from there into the lib directory or in the directory pointed to by the property

com.mysql.jdbc.extra.libs.

To run the test using Ant, in addition to the properties required for Section 3.4, “Installing from Source”,

you must set the following properties in the build.properties file or through the Ant -D options:

• com.mysql.jdbc.testsuite.url: it specifies the JDBC URL for connection to a MySQL test

server; see Section 5.1, “Driver/Datasource Class Names, URL Syntax and Configuration Properties

for Connector/J”.

Testing Connector/J

• com.mysql.jdbc.testsuite.jvm: the JVM to be used for the tests. If the property is

set, the specified JVM will be used for all test cases except if it points to a Java 5 directory,

in which case any test cases for JDBC 4.0 and later are run with the JVM supplied with

the property com.mysql.jdbc.jdk8 (for 5.1.36 and earlier, supplied with the property

com.mysql.jdbc.jdk6). If the property is not set, the JVM supplied with com.mysql.jdbc.jdk5

will be used to run test cases for JDBC 3.0 and the one supplied with com.mysql.jdbc.jdk8

(for 5.1.36 and earlier, supplied with the property com.mysql.jdbc.jdk6) will be used to run test

cases for JDBC 4.0 and later.

After setting these parameters, run the tests with Ant in the following ways:

• Building the test target with ant test runs all test cases by default on a single server instance. If

you want to run a particular test case, put the test's fully qualified class names in the test variable;

for example:

shell > ant -Dtest=testsuite.simple.StringUtilsTest test

You can also run individual tests in a test case by specifying the names of the corresponding

methods in the methods variable, separating multiple methods by commas; for example:

shell > ant -Dtest=testsuite.simple.StringUtilsTest -Dmethods=testIndexOfIgnoreCase,testGetBytes test

• Building the test-multijvm target with ant test-multijvm runs all the test cases using

multiple JVMs of different versions on multiple server instances. For example, if you want to run the

tests using a Java 7 and a Java 8 JVM on three server instances with different configurations, you

will need to use the following properties:

com.mysql.jdbc.testsuite.jvm.1=path_to_Java_7

com.mysql.jdbc.testsuite.jvm.2=path_to_Java_8

com.mysql.jdbc.testsuite.url.1=URL_to_1st_server

com.mysql.jdbc.testsuite.url.2=URL_to_2nd_server

com.mysql.jdbc.testsuite.url.3=URL_to_3rd_server

Unlike the target test, the target test-multijvm only recognizes the properties

com.mysql.jdbc.testsuite.jvm.N and com.mysql.jdbc.testsuite.url.N, where N is a

numeric suffice; the same properties without the suffices are ignored by test-multijvm. As with

the target test, if any of the com.mysql.jdbc.testsuite.jvm.N settings points to Java 5, then

Ant relies on the property com.mysql.jdbc.jdk8 to run the tests specific to JDBC 4.0 and later.

You can choose to run individual test cases or specific tests by using the test or methods property,

as explained in the last bullet for the target test. Each test is run once per possible combination of

JVMs and server instances (that is, 6 times in total for in this example).

When a test for a certain JVM-server combination has failed, test-multijvm does not throw an

error, but moves on to the next combination, until all tests for all combinations are finished.

While the test results are partially reported by the console, complete reports in HTML and XML formats

are provided:

• For results of test: view the HTML report by opening build/junit/unitregress/report/

index.html. XML version of the reports are located in the folder build/junit/unitregress.

• For results of test-multijvm: view the HTML report for each JVM-server combination by opening

build/junit/MySQLN.server_version/operating_system_version/jvm-version/

unitregress/report/index.html. XML version of the reports are located in the folder

build/junit/MySQLN.server_version/operating_system_version/jvm-version/

unitregress.

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