使用ROS构建复杂机器人系统实战指南

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"Mastering ROS for Robotics Programming" 本书《精通ROS机器人编程》是关于如何设计、构建和模拟复杂机器人,利用Robot Operating System(ROS)并掌握其开箱即用的功能的一本专业指南。作者Lentin Joseph是一位在机器人技术领域有深厚经验的专业人士。这本书由Birmingham-Mumbai的Packt Publishing出版,版权归属于2015年的Packt Publishing。 ROS是一种广泛使用的开源操作系统,专为机器人系统设计,提供了一个框架,使开发者能够轻松地创建和管理复杂的机器人应用程序。通过本书,读者将深入理解ROS的核心概念,如节点、消息传递机制、参数服务器、服务和动作库,以及如何使用这些工具来解决实际的机器人问题。 书中内容可能包括以下几个方面: 1. **ROS基础知识**:介绍ROS的安装过程、工作环境的设置,以及如何使用ROS的基本工具,如`rostopic`、`rosnode`和`rqt`等。 2. **ROS架构**:讲解ROS的节点通信机制,包括发布者/订阅者模型,以及服务和动作库的工作原理。 3. **数据类型与消息**:详细解释ROS中的数据结构和消息类型,如`std_msgs`和`geometry_msgs`,以及如何自定义消息类型。 4. **软件包与工作空间**:指导读者如何创建和管理ROS软件包,以及使用版本控制系统如Git进行协作开发。 5. **模拟与可视化**:介绍Gazebo模拟器的使用,以及使用rviz进行实时三维可视化的方法。 6. **移动机器人**:涵盖基于ROS的移动机器人导航堆栈,包括定位、地图构建、路径规划和避障策略。 7. **传感器与执行器接口**:讲解如何处理各种传感器(如激光雷达、摄像头)和执行器(如电机)的数据,并进行相应的控制。 8. **高级主题**:可能包括ROS的分布式计算、多机器人协作、机器学习应用以及ROS2的新特性。 9. **实战项目**:书中可能包含实践项目,让读者将所学应用于真实的机器人系统设计中,以加深理解。 此外,尽管出版商已尽力确保书中的信息准确性,但书中所含信息仅供参考,不承担任何因使用本书而产生的直接或间接损害的责任。书中提到的所有公司和产品名称,除非特别注明,均按适当的大写表示,但出版商无法保证所有商标信息的准确性。
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Effective Robotics Programming with ROS, Third Edition gives you a comprehensive review of ROS, the Robot Operating System framework, which is used nowadays by hundreds of research groups and companies in the robotics industry. More importantly, ROS is also the painless entry point to robotics for nonprofessionals and students. This book will guide you through the installation process of ROS, and soon enough, you will be playing with the basic tools and understanding the different elements of the framework. The content of the book can be followed without any special devices, and each chapter comes with a series of source code examples and tutorials that you can run on your own computer. This is the only thing you need to follow the book. However, we also show you how to work with hardware so that you can connect your algorithms with the real world. Special care has been taken in choosing devices that are affordable for amateur users, but at the same time, the most typical sensors or actuators in robotics research are covered. Finally, the potential of ROS is illustrated with the ability to work with whole robots in a real or simulated environment. You will learn how to create your own robot and integrate it with a simulation by using the Gazebo simulator. From here, you will have the chance to explore the different aspects of creating a robot, such as perceiving the world using computer vision or point cloud analysis, navigating through the environment using the powerful navigation stack, and even being able to control robotic arms to interact with your surroundings using the MoveIt! package. By the end of the book, it is our hope that you will have a thorough understanding of the endless possibilities that ROS gives you when developing robotic systems.What this book covers Chapter 1, Getting Started with ROS, shows the easiest way you must follow in order to have a working installation of ROS. You will see how to install ROS on different platforms, and you will use ROS Kinetic throughout the rest of the book. This chapter describes how to make an installation from Debian packages, compile the sources, and make installations in virtual machines, Docker, and ARM CPU. Chapter 2, ROS Architecture and Concepts, is concerned with the concepts and tools provided by the ROS framework. We will introduce you to nodes, topics, and services, and you will also learn how to use them. Through a series of examples, we will illustrate how to debug a node and visualize the messages published through a topic. Chapter 3, Visualization and Debugging Tools, goes a step further in order to show you powerful tools to debug your nodes and visualize the information that goes through the node's graph along with the topics. ROS provides a logging API that allows you to diagnose node problems easily. In fact, we will see some powerful graphical tools, such as rqt_console and rqt_graph, as well as visualization interfaces, such as rqt_plot and rviz. Finally, this chapter explains how to record and play back messages using rosbag and rqt_bag. Chapter 4, 3D Modeling and Simulation, constitutes one of the first steps in order to implement your own robot in ROS. It shows you how to model a robot from scratch and run it in simulation using the Gazebo simulator. You will simulate sensors, such as cameras and laser range sensors. This will later allow you to use the whole navigation stack provided by ROS and other tools. Chapter 5, The Navigation Stack – Robot Setups, is the first of two chapters concerned with the ROS navigation stack. This chapter describes how to configure your robot so that it can be used with the navigation stack. In the same way, the stack is explained, along with several examples. Chapter 6, The Navigation Stack – Beyond Setups, continues the discussion of the previous chapter by showing how we can effectively make our robot navigate autonomously. It will use the navigation stack intensively for that. This chapter shows the great potential of ROS using the Gazebo simulator and RViz to create a virtual environment in which we can build a map, localize our robot, and do path planning with obstacle avoidance. Chapter 7, Manipulation with MoveIt!, is a set of tools for mobile manipulation in ROS. This chapter contains the documentation that you need to install this package. The chapter also contains example demonstrations with robotic arms that use MoveIt! for manipulation tasks, such as grasping, picking and placing, or simple motion planning with inverse kinematics. Chapter 8, Using Sensors and Actuators with ROS, literally connects ROS with the real world. This chapter goes through a number of common sensors and actuators that are supported inROS, such as range lasers, servo motors, cameras, RGB-D sensors, and GPS. Moreover, we explain how to use embedded systems with microcontrollers, similar to the widely known Arduino boards. Chapter 9, Computer Vision, shows the support for cameras and computer vision tasks in ROS. This chapter starts with drivers available for FireWire and USB cameras so that you can connect them to your computer and capture images. You will then be able to calibrate your camera using the ROS calibration tools. Later, you will be able to use the image pipeline, which is explained in detail. Then, you will see how to use several APIs for vision and integrate OpenCV. Finally, the installation and usage of a visual odometry software is described. Chapter 10, Point Clouds, shows how to use Point Cloud Library in your ROS nodes. This chapter starts with the basics utilities, such as read or write a PCL snippet and the conversions needed to publish or subscribe to these messages. Then, you will create a pipeline with different nodes to process 3D data, and you will downsample, filter, and search for features using