H.264/MPEG-4 Part 10:新一代视频压缩标准解析

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"H.264-MPEG-4 Part 10 White Paper.pdf" 这篇白皮书概述了H.264/MPEG-4 Part 10标准，这是一个革命性的视频压缩技术，对数字电视、DVD视频以及互联网视频应用产生了深远影响。H.264是MPEG系列中的下一个标准，它在MPEG4（视觉）和H.263的基础上发展，这两个标准基于大约1995年的视频压缩技术。 1. 引言随着数字电视和DVD视频的普及，广播电视和家庭娱乐领域发生了翻天覆地的变化。这些成就得益于视频压缩技术的标准化。MPEG4标准开启了基于互联网的新型视频应用，而H.263则广泛应用于视频会议系统。 2. MPEG4与H.263 MPEG4（Visual）和H.263都是建立在1995年前后的视频编码技术上的标准。这两个标准为当时的视频压缩提供了基础，但随着时间的推移，对更高效率和更高质量的需求日益增长。 3. H.264/AVC的诞生为了进一步提升视频压缩性能并支持高质量、低比特率的流媒体视频，国际电联电信标准部门（ITU-T）的视频编码专家组（VCEG）和运动图像专家组（MPEG）合作开发了新的标准——高级视频编码（Advanced Video Coding，简称AVC），也就是H.264或MPEG-4 Part 10。 4. H.264/AVC的技术优势 H.264/AVC相比于前代标准，在视频压缩效率上有了显著提升。它采用了一系列先进的编码技术，包括更复杂的熵编码、多参考帧预测、运动补偿、块划分多样性等，这些技术能有效地减少数据冗余，同时保持或提高视频质量。 5. 应用场景由于其高效的压缩能力，H.264/AVC被广泛应用在各种场景中，如高清电视、蓝光光盘、在线视频流服务、移动设备视频播放、监控摄像头和视频会议系统等。 6. 结论 H.264/MPEG-4 Part 10标准的发布，标志着视频编码技术迈入了一个新的时代，它不仅优化了带宽利用，也极大地推动了多媒体内容的传播和消费。随着技术的不断迭代，如H.265/HEVC和未来的标准，视频压缩将继续向着更高的质量和更低的比特率发展，满足日益增长的用户需求。

www.vcodex.com H.264 / MPEG-4 Part 10 : Intra Prediction

otherwise the prediction mode is set to remaining_mode_selector+1. In this way, only 8 values of

remaining_mode_selector are required (0 to 7) to signal the current intra mode (0 to 8).

Figure 8 Adjacent 4x4 intra coded blocks

6. References

1 ITU-T Rec. H.264 / ISO/IEC 11496-10, “Advanced Video Coding”, Final Committee Draft, Document JVT-

F100, December 2002

2 Iain E G Richardson, “H.264 and MPEG-4 Video Compression”, John Wiley & Sons, to be published late

2003

www.vcodex.com H.264 / MPEG-4 Part 10 : Inter Prediction

H.264 / MPEG-4 Part 10 White Paper

Prediction of Inter Macroblocks in P-slices

1. Introduction

The Joint Video Team (JVT) of ISO/IEC MPEG and ITU-T VCEG are finalising a new standard for

the coding (compression) of natural video images. The new standard [1] will be known as H.264 and

also MPEG-4 Part 10, “Advanced Video Coding”. This document describes the methods of predicting

inter-coded macroblocks in P-slices in an H.264 CODEC.

Inter prediction creates a prediction model from one or more previously encoded video frames. The

model is formed by shifting samples in the reference frame(s) (motion compensated prediction). The

AVC CODEC uses block-based motion compensation, the same principle adopted by every major

coding standard since H.261. Important differences from earlier standards include the support for a

range of block sizes (down to 4x4) and fine sub-pixel motion vectors (1/4 pixel in the luma

component).

2. Tree structured motion compensation

AVC supports motion compensation block sizes ranging from 16x16 to 4x4 luminance samples with

many options between the two. The luminance component of each macroblock (16x16 samples) may

be split up in 4 ways as shown in Figure 2-1: 16x16, 16x8, 8x16 or 8x8. Each of the sub-divided

regions is a macroblock partition. If the 8x8 mode is chosen, each of the four 8x8 macroblock

partitions within the macroblock may be split in a further 4 ways as shown in Figure 2-2: 8x8, 8x4,

4x8 or 4x4 (known as macroblock sub-partitions). These partitions and sub-partitions give rise to a

large number of possible combinations within each macroblock. This method of partitioning

macroblocks into motion compensated sub-blocks of varying size is known as tree structured motion

compensation.

0 0 1

0 1

2 3

8 8

Figure 2-1 Macroblock partitions: 16x16, 8x16, 16x8, 8x8

0 0 1

0 1

2 3

4 4

Figure 2-2 Macroblock sub-partitions: 8x8, 4x8, 8x4, 4x4

A separate motion vector is required for each partition or sub-partition. Each motion vector must be

coded and transmitted; in addition, the choice of partition(s) must be encoded in the compressed

bitstream. Choosing a large partition size (e.g. 16x16, 16x8, 8x16) means that a small number of bits

are required to signal the choice of motion vector(s) and the type of partition; however, the motion

compensated residual may contain a significant amount of energy in frame areas with high detail.

Choosing a small partition size (e.g. 8x4, 4x4, etc.) may give a lower-energy residual after motion

compensation but requires a larger number of bits to signal the motion vectors and choice of

partition(s). The choice of partition size therefore has a significant impact on compression

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H.264/MPEG-4 Part 10:新一代视频压缩标准解析

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