精通Boost.Asio：C++网络编程实战指南

Boost

Asio

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"Boost.Asio C++ Network Programming.pdf" 本书《Boost.Asio C++ Network Programming》是针对C++网络编程的一本实践指南，作者John Torjo通过详细的实例来提升读者在网络编程方面的技能。Boost.Asio是Boost库的一个组件，它提供了一个高效且抽象化的接口，使得开发者能够以最少的代码量构建健壮的客户端-服务器应用，同时享受编程的乐趣。书中不仅涵盖了网络编程的基础，还介绍了Boost.Asio的一些非网络功能，增加了其应用的广泛性。 Boost.Asio库的核心特性包括： 1. 异步编程模型：Boost.Asio支持非阻塞I/O操作，通过异步操作如`async_read`和`async_write`，开发者可以编写出高性能、响应迅速的应用程序，避免了线程同步和锁竞争的问题。 2. 多协议支持：Boost.Asio提供了对TCP、UDP、Unix域套接字等网络协议的支持，同时也允许处理自定义协议。 3. 容易使用：Boost.Asio的API设计简洁，使得代码可读性强，易于理解和维护。例如，通过`boost::asio::ip::tcp::socket`类可以轻松地创建和管理TCP连接。 4. 高级功能：除了基本的网络通信功能，Boost.Asio还提供定时器、信号处理、套接字选项设置等高级特性，为开发者提供了更多的工具和选择。 5. 跨平台：Boost.Asio是跨平台的，可以在多种操作系统上运行，包括Windows、Linux、macOS等，使得代码具有良好的移植性。书中可能涵盖的内容包括： 1. 网络编程基础：介绍网络通信的基本概念，如IP地址、端口号、套接字等。 2. Boost.Asio入门：引导读者熟悉Boost库，学习如何安装和配置Boost.Asio，以及基本的使用方法。 3. 异步I/O：详细解释如何使用异步操作进行网络通信，包括回调函数和协程（如果支持）的使用。 4. 客户端和服务器实现：提供完整的客户端和服务器示例，展示如何用Boost.Asio构建常见的网络应用，如HTTP服务器或聊天应用。 5. 错误处理和调试：讲解如何在Boost.Asio中处理异常和错误，以及如何进行有效的调试。 6. 性能优化：探讨如何通过合理的设计和配置提升Boost.Asio应用的性能。 7. 高级主题：深入讨论如SSL/TLS加密、多线程和多进程编程、网络并发处理策略等复杂话题。本书适合有一定C++基础，并希望深入理解网络编程的开发者阅读。通过学习和实践书中的例子，读者不仅可以掌握Boost.Asio库的使用，还能提升在网络编程领域的专业能力。

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Getting Started with

Boost.Asio

First, lets delve into what Boost.Asio is, how to build it, and a few examples

along the way. Boost.Asio is more than a networking library as you're about to

nd out. You'll also discover the most important class that sits at the heart of

Boost.Asio – io_service.

What is Boost.Asio?

In short, Boost.Asio is a cross-platform C++ library mainly for networking and

some other low-level input/output programming.

There have been many implementations that have tackled networking, but Boost.

Asio has by far surpassed them all; it was admitted into Boost in 2005, and has since

been tested extensively by Boost users and used in many projects, such as Remobo

(http://www.remobo.com) that allows you to create your own Instant Private

Network (IPN), libtorrent (http://www.rasterbar.com/products/libtorrent),

which is a library that implements a Bittorrent client, and PokerTH (http://www.

pokerth.net), which is a poker game that supports LAN and Internet games.

Boost.Asio has successfully abstracted the concepts of input and output that work

not just for networking but for COM serial ports, les, and so on. On top of these,

you can do input or output programming synchronously or asynchronously:

read(stream, buffer [, extra options])

async_read(stream, buffer [, extra options], handler)

write(stream, buffer [, extra options])

async_write(stream, buffer [, extra options], handler)

www.it-ebooks.info

Getting Started with Boost.Asio

[ 8 ]

Important macros

Use BOOST_ASIO_DISABLE_THREADS if set; it disables threading support in Boost.

Asio, regardless of whether Boost was compiled with threading support.

Synchronous versus asynchronous

First off, asynchronous programming is extremely different than synchronous

programming. In synchronous programming, you do the operations in sequential

order, such as read (request) from socket S, then write (answer) to socket. Each

operation is blocking. Since operations are blocking, in order not to interrupt the

main program while you're reading from or writing to a socket, you'll usually

create one or more threads that deal with socket's input/output. Thus, synchronous

servers/clients are usually multi-threaded.

In contrast, asynchronous programming is event-driven. You start an operation,

but you don't know when it will end; you supply a callback, which the API will

call when the operation ends, together with the operation result. To programmers

that have extensive experience with QT, Nokia's cross-platform library for creating

graphical user interface applications, this is second nature. Thus, in asynchronous

programming, you don't necessary need more than one thread.

You should decide early on in your project (preferably at the start) whether you go

synchronous or asynchronous with networking, as switching midway will be very

difcult and error-prone; not only will the API differ substantially, the semantic of

your program will change completely (asynchronous networking is usually harder

to test and debug than synchronous networking). You'll want to think of either going

for blocking calls and multi-threading (synchronous, usually simpler) or less-threads

and events (asynchronous, usually more complex).

Here's a basic example of a synchronous client:

using boost::asio;

io_service service;

ip::tcp::endpoint ep( ip::address::from_string("127.0.0.1"), 2001);

ip::tcp::socket sock(service);

sock.connect(ep);

First, your program needs at least an io_service instance. Boost.Asio uses

io_service to talk to the operating system's input/output services. Usually one

instance of an io_service will be enough. Next, create the address and port you

want to connect to. Create the socket. Connect the socket to your address and port:

www.it-ebooks.info

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