第
27
卷第
8
期
2014
年
8
月
环境科学研究
Research
of
Environmental
Sciences
孙清清,黄心禹,石磊,纺织印染企业水足迹测算案例[J]
.环境科学研究,
2014
,
27
(8)
:910-914.
Vo
l.
27
,
No.
8
Aug.
,
2014
SUN
Qi
略
qing
,
HUANG
Xi
盯
u
,
SHI Lei. Corporate water footprint
of
textile industry: methodology and case study[ J] . Research of Environmental Sciences ,
2014 ,27
(8)
:910-914.
纺织印染企业水足迹测算案例
孙清清,黄心禹,石磊
清华大学环境学院,国家环境保护生态工业重点实验室,北京
100084
摘要:企业水足迹可用于节水减排效果的评价企业蓝水足迹指企业对传统水源的消耗,绿水足迹指企业收集处理并用于生产
等目的的降水量;灰水足迹指以自然本底浓度和环境水质标准为基准,将企业产生的污染物负荷吸收同化所需的淡水量概化
了企业用、排水模型,并基于《水足迹评价手册》建立了企业水足迹测算方法,测算了企业蓝水足迹、绿水足迹和灰水足迹,以及
节水减排措施对削减水足迹的贡献率根据该测算方法对某纺织印染企业开展了案例研究.结果表明:①经过清洁生产审核,某
纺织印染企业的单位产品产量蓝水足迹为
171
t/t
,削减了
26.3%
;单位产品产量灰水足迹为
146
t/t
,削减了
3
1.
1 %
;而由于降水
的采用,单位产品产量绿水足迹由
o
t/t
增至
8
t/t;
②在节水减排贡献方面,水回用措施显著大于工艺节水措施,节水和水回用措
施分别削减蓝水足迹1.
77
X
10
4
和
48.60
X
10
4
t
二者分别削减灰水足迹1.
60
X
10
4
和
57.
80
X
10
4
t
关键词:企业水足迹;印染;节水减排;削减
中图分类号
X705
文献标志码
A
文章编号
1001
-
6929
(2014)
08
-
0910
-
05
DOI:
10.
13198/j.
issn.
1001-6929.2014.08.14
Corporate Water Footprint of Textile Industry: Methodology and Case Study
SUN
Qing-qing
,
HUANG
Xin-yu
,
SHI
Lei
Ministry
of
Environmental
Protection
Key
Laboratory
on
Eco-Industry
,
School
of
Environment
,
Tsinghua
University
,
Beijing
100084
,
China
Abstract:
Corporate
water
footprint
can
provide
guidelines
for
enterprises
to
reduce
water
consumption
and
protect
the
water
environment
Based
on
field
survey
and
literature
review
, a
general
corporate
water
flowchart
was
outlined
,
and
a
framework
was
established
to
calculate
corporate
blue
water
,
green
water
and
grey
water
footprin
t.
The
blue
water
footprint
refers
to
consumption
of
blue
water
resources
(i.
e.
,
surface
and
groundwater)
along
the
supply
chain
of
a
produc
t.
The
green
water
footprint
refers
to
consumption
of
green
water
resources
The
grey
water
footprint
refers
to
pollution
,
and
is
defined
as
the
volume
of
freshwater
that
is
required
to
assimilate
the
load
of
pollutants
given
natural
concentrations
and
existing
ambient
water
quality
standards.
The
present
study
explores
the
potential
to
calculate
the
contribution
and/or
reduction
of
different
measures
,
and
seeks
to
comprehend
the
internal
water
use
information
,
such
as
the
entire
plant's
water
balance
,
detail
of
water
use
,
water
yield
for
water
conservation
and
recycling
measures.
Considering
a
textile
and
dyeing
plant
as
an
example
,
the
water
footprir
山
before
and
after
a
cleaner
pro
巾
ction
audit
were
calculated.
The
results
show:
1)
By
measuring
per
ur
山
production
,
the
blue
water
footprint
was
reduced
by
26.
3 % to
171
t/t;
the
green
water
footprint
per
unit
production
increased
from 0
t/t
to
8
t/t;
a
时,
the
grey
water
footprint
per
ur
山
production
was
reduced
by
3
1.
1 % to
146
t/
t.
2)
By
conserving
and
recycli
吨
water
,
the
blue
water
footprints
were
reduced
by
17 ,
700
t
and
16
,
000
t ,
respectively
,
and
the
grey
water
footprints
were
reduced
by
486
,
000
t
and
578
,
000
t ,
respectively.
The
research
aims
to
further
refine
the
methodology
of
the
water
footprints
so
that
it
serves
various
purposes
in
different
sectors
of
the
industrial
society
,
while
striving
for
coherence
,
consistency
and
scientific
validity.
Key
words:
corporate
water
footprint;
textile
and
dyeing;
water
saving;
emission
reduction
水足迹原指一个国家、一个地区或一个人在一定
收稿日期
2013
- 10 -
08
修订日期:
2014-03-03
基金项目:国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(
201 2ZX07203
004 ,201 2ZX07301 -
005)
作者简介:孙清清(1
991
- )
,女,山东邹城人,
sqqwfl@163.
com
*责任作者,石磊(
1972
寸,男,山东沂南人,副研究员,博士,主要从
事工业生态学研究,
slone@
tsinghua. edu. cn
时间内消费或生产所有产品和服务所需要的水资源
总量
[IJ
企业作为基本的生产单元,随着节水减排形
势的推进,其水足迹研究也得到了越来越多的重
视[
2J
企业水足迹是支撑和运营一个企业直接、间接
消耗或污染的淡水资源量.水足迹网络(
water
footprint
network
,
WFN)
在
2011
年出版的《水足迹评
价手册》中定义了企业水足迹基本框架
[IJ
国外一些