FreeRTOS实时操作系统实战指南

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"FreeRTOS使用指南 中文版" FreeRTOS是一个广泛使用的实时操作系统(RTOS)内核,专门设计用于微控制器。它为嵌入式系统提供了一种组织和管理任务执行的方法,允许开发者创建高效、可靠的多任务软件。本文档是Richard Barry编写的《FreeRTOS实时内核实用指南》的中文翻译,旨在帮助中国用户更好地理解和应用FreeRTOS。 在FreeRTOS中,任务管理是其核心功能之一。任务是系统中可并发运行的独立执行线程。每个任务都有自己的堆栈空间,且可以在任意时间点被挂起或恢复执行。FreeRTOS的任务管理系统支持优先级调度,允许开发者定义任务的优先级,高优先级任务将优先获得CPU执行时间。此外,FreeRTOS还提供了任务间的同步和通信机制,如信号量、互斥锁和消息队列,这些工具使得任务间可以安全地共享资源和协调工作。 1.1概览部分介绍了FreeRTOS的基本概念,包括如何在小型嵌入式系统中使用多任务模型。在附录中,通常会包含更具体的、关于如何使用FreeRTOS源代码的实用信息,例如编译设置、移植指南和调试技巧等。这对于开发者来说是非常有价值的,因为它提供了实际操作FreeRTOS时所需的基础知识。 在实际应用中,FreeRTOS因其小巧、高效和开源的特性而受到欢迎。它不仅适用于各种微控制器平台,还可以与其他库和硬件抽象层配合,以构建复杂的嵌入式系统。通过学习和使用FreeRTOS,开发者可以提高其项目的响应速度和可靠性,同时减少软件开发的复杂性。 在开始使用FreeRTOS时,开发者应理解以下几个关键概念: 1. 任务(Task):这是FreeRTOS中的基本执行单元,每个任务都有自己的堆栈和状态。 2. 优先级:任务的优先级决定了它们的执行顺序,高优先级任务优先执行。 3. 调度器(Scheduler):负责根据任务的优先级进行上下文切换,分配CPU时间。 4. 信号量(Semaphore):用于任务间的同步,可以解决资源争抢问题。 5. 互斥锁(Mutex):确保同一时间只有一个任务访问共享资源。 6. 队列(Queue):任务间传递消息或数据的机制,支持异步通信。 FreeRTOS的源代码是开放的,这意味着开发者可以自定义和扩展内核以满足特定项目需求。同时,社区提供的广泛支持和文档资源(包括本文档的中文版)使得FreeRTOS成为初学者和经验丰富的嵌入式开发者理想的实时操作系统选择。
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中文的参考手册 内容 Contents5..................................................................................................................................................... 列表 Figures8............................................................................................................................................... 代码清单 Listings9....................................................................................................................................... Tables15 名单.............................................................................................................................................. 列表 Notation15........................................................................................................................................... 章节 1 关于这............................................................................................................................. Manual16 1.1Scope17............................................................................................................................................. 章节 2Task 和调度........................................................................................................................... API20 2.1 portSWITCH_TO_USER_MODE() 21.................................................................................. 2.2 vTaskAllocateMPURegions() 22........................................................................................... 2.3 xTaskAbortDelay() 25............................................................................................................. 2.4 xTaskCallApplicationTaskHook() 27.................................................................................... 2.5 xTaskCheckForTimeOut() 30................................................................................................ 2.6 xTaskCreate() 32..................................................................................................................... 2.7 xTaskCreateStatic() 37........................................................................................................... 2.8 xTaskCreateRestricted() 41................................................................................................... 2.9 vTaskDelay() 46....................................................................................................................... 2.10 vTaskDelayUntil() 48............................................................................................................... 2.11 vTaskDelete() 51..................................................................................................................... 2.12 taskDISABLE_INTERRUPTS() 53........................................................................................ 2.13 taskENABLE_INTERRUPTS() 55......................................................................................... 2.14 taskENTER_CRITICAL() 56.................................................................................................. 2.15 taskENTER_CRITICAL_FROM_ISR() 59........................................................................... 2.16 taskEXIT_CRITICAL() 61....................................................................................................... 2.1 taskEXIT_CRITICAL_FROM_ISR() 63................................................................................ 2.2 xTaskGetApplicationTaskTag() 65....................................................................................... 2.3 xTaskGetCurrentTaskHandle() 67........................................................................................ 2.4 xTaskGetIdleTaskHandle() 68............................................................................................... 2.1 xTaskGetHandle() 69.............................................................................................................. 2.2 uxTaskGetNumberOfTasks() 71........................................................................................... 2.3 vTaskGetRunTimeStats() 72................................................................................................. 2.4 xTaskGetSchedulerState() 76...............................................................................................六 2.5 uxTaskGetStackHighWaterMark() 77.................................................................................. 2.6 eTaskGetState() 79................................................................................................................. 2.7 uxTaskGetSystemState() 81.................................................................................................. 2.8 vTaskGetTaskInfo() 85........................................................................................................... 2.9 pvTaskGetThreadLocalStoragePointer() 87.......................................................................7 2.10 pcTaskGetName() 89.............................................................................................................. 2.11 xTaskGetTickCount() 90........................................................................................................ 2.12 xTaskGetTickCountFromISR() 92........................................................................................ 2.13 vTaskList() 94........................................................................................................................... 2.14 xTaskNotify() 97....................................................................................................................... 2.15 xTaskNotifyAndQuery() 100.................................................................................................. 2.16 xTaskNotifyAndQueryFromISR() 104.................................................................................. 2.17 xTaskNotifyFromISR() 108.................................................................................................... 2.18 xTaskNotifyGive() 113............................................................................................................ 2.19 vTaskNotifyGiveFromISR() 116............................................................................................ 2.20 xTaskNotifyStateClear() 119.................................................................................................. 2.21 ulTask​ ​ NotifyTake() 121.................................................................................................. 2.22 xTaskNotifyWait() 124............................................................................................................ 2.23 uxTaskPriorityGet() 127.......................................................................................................... 2.24 vTaskPrioritySet() 129............................................................................................................ 2.25 vTaskResume() 131................................................................................................................ 2.26 xTaskResumeAll() 133........................................................................................................... 2.27 xTaskResumeFromISR() 136................................................................................................ 2.28 vTaskSetApplicationTaskTag() 139...................................................................................... 2.29 vTaskSetThreadLocalStoragePointer() 141........................................................................ 2.30 vTaskSetTimeOutState() 143................................................................................................ 2.31 vTaskStartScheduler() 145.................................................................................................... 2.32 vTaskStepTick() 147............................................................................................................... 2.33 vTaskSuspend() 149............................................................................................................... 2.34 vTaskSuspendAll() 151.......................................................................................................... 2.35 taskYIELD() 153...................................................................................................................... 章节 3Queue.................................................................................................................................. API155 3.1 vQueueAddToRegistry() 156................................................................................................. 3.2 xQueueAddToSet() 158.......................................................................................................... 3.3 xQueueCreate() 160............................................................................................................... 3.4 xQueueCreateSet() 162......................................................................................................... 3.5 xQueueCreateStatic() 166..................................................................................................... 3.6 vQueueDelete() 168................................................................................................................ 3.7 pcQueueGetName() 170........................................................................................................ 3.8 xQueueIsQueueEmptyFromISR() 171................................................................................. 3.9 xQueueIsQueueFullFromISR() 172...................................................................................... 3.10 uxQueueMessagesWaiting() 173.......................................................................................... 3.11 uxQueueMessagesWaitingFromISR() 174..........................................................................六 3.12 xQueueOverwrite() 176.......................................................................................................... 3.13 xQueueOverwriteFromISR() 178.......................................................................................... 3.14 xQueuePeek() 180.................................................................................................................. 3.15 xQueuePeekFromISR() 183.................................................................................................. 3.16 xQueueReceive() 184............................................................................................................. 3.17 xQueueReceiveFromISR() 187............................................................................................. 3.18 xQueueRemoveFromSet() 190............................................................................................. 3.19 xQueueReset() 192................................................................................................................. 3.20 xQueueSelectFromSet() 193................................................................................................. 3.21 xQueueSelectFromSetFromISR() 195................................................................................. 3.22 xQueueSend() , xQueueSendToFront() , xQueueSendToBack() 197............... 3.23 xQueueSendFromISR() , xQueueSendToBackFromISR() , xQueueSendToFrontFromISR() ............................................................200 3.24 uxQueueSpacesAvailable() 204............................................................................................ 章节 4Semaphore......................................................................................................................... API206 4.1 vSemaphoreCreateBinary() 207........................................................................................... 4.2 xSemaphoreCreateBinary() 210........................................................................................... 4.3 xSemaphoreCreateBinaryStatic() 213................................................................................. 4.4 xSemaphoreCreateCounting() 216....................................................................................... 4.5 xSemaphoreCreateCountingStatic() 219............................................................................. 4.6 xSemaphoreCreateMutex() 222............................................................................................ 4.7 xSemaphoreCreateMutexStatic() 224.................................................................................. 4.8 xSemaphoreCreateRecursiveMutex() 226.......................................................................... 4.9 xSemaphoreCreateRecursiveMutexStatic() 229................................................................ 4.10 vSemaphoreDelete() 231....................................................................................................... 4.11 uxSemaphoreGetCount() 232............................................................................................... 4.12 xSemaphoreGetMutexHolder() 233...................................................................................... 4.13 xSemaphoreGive() 234.......................................................................................................... 4.14 xSemaphoreGiveFromISR() 236.......................................................................................... 4.15 xSemaphoreGiveRecursive() 239......................................................................................... 4.16 xSemaphoreTake() 242.......................................................................................................... 4.17 xSemaphoreTakeFromISR() 245.......................................................................................... 4.18 xSemaphoreTakeRecursive() 247........................................................................................ 章节 5Software 定时器................................................................................................................. API251 5.1 xTimerChangePeriod() 252.................................................................................................... 5.2 xTimerChangePeriodFromISR() 255.................................................................................... 5.3 xTimerCreate() 257................................................................................................................. 5.4 xTimerCreateStatic() 261.......................................................................................................9 5.5 xTimerDelete() 265.................................................................................................................. 5.1 xTimerGetExpiryTime() ....................................................................................................267 5.1 pcTimerGetName() 269.......................................................................................................... 5.2 xTimerGetPeriod() 270........................................................................................................... 5.3 xTimerGetTimerDaemonTaskHandle() 271........................................................................ 5.4 pvTimerGetTimerID() 272...................................................................................................... 5.5 xTimerIsTimerActive() 274..................................................................................................... 5.6 xTimerPendFunctionCall() 276.............................................................................................. 5.7 xTimerPendFunctionCallFromISR() 278..............................................................................8 5.8 xTimerReset() 281................................................................................................................... 5.9 xTimerResetFromISR() 284................................................................................................... 5.10 vTimerSetTimerID() 286......................................................................................................... 5.11 xTimerStart() 288..................................................................................................................... 5.12 xTimerStartFromISR() 290..................................................................................................... 5.13 xTimerStop() 292..................................................................................................................... 5.14 xTimerStopFromISR() 294..................................................................................................... 章节 6Event 组............................................................................................................................... API296 6.1 xEventGroupClearBits() 297.................................................................................................. 6.2 xEventGroupClearBitsFromISR() 299.................................................................................. 6.3 xEventGroupCreate() 302...................................................................................................... 6.4 xEventGroupCreateStatic() 304............................................................................................ 6.1 vEventGroupDelete() 306...................................................................................................... 6.2 xEventGroupGetBits() 307..................................................................................................... 6.1 xEventGroupGetBitsFromISR() 308..................................................................................... 6.2 xEventGroupSetBits() 309..................................................................................................... 6.3 xEventGroupSetBitsFromISR() 311..................................................................................... 6.1 xEventGroupSync() 314......................................................................................................... 6.2 xEventGroupWaitBits() 318................................................................................................... 章节 7Kernel................................................................................................................. Configuration321 7.1 FreeRTOSConfig.h322............................................................................................................... 7.2 常量开始“INCLUDE_”...........................................................................................................323 7.3 常量开始“配置”.......................................................................................................................327 附录 1: 数据类型和编码样式.................................................................................................. Guide347