RHEL 6虚拟化主机配置与 guest 安装指南

需积分: 9 32 浏览量更新于2024-07-21 收藏 6.29MB PDF 举报

本指南详细介绍了在Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 (RHEL6)环境中配置和安装虚拟化功能的过程。RHEL6作为一款稳定的企业级操作系统，其虚拟化技术对于提高资源利用率、灵活性和可管理性具有重要意义。此文档由Tahlia Richardson、Dayle Parker、Laura Bailey和Scott Radvan四位来自Red Hat Engineering Content Services的专家共同编写，确保了内容的专业性和准确性。 "RHEL6 Virtualization Host Configuration and Guest Installation Guide"提供了系统管理员在主机上设置虚拟化环境的全面指导，包括但不限于选择合适的虚拟化平台（如KVM、VirtualBox或VMware等），安装和配置必要的软件组件，如Kernel支持模块（KVM内核模块）、存储管理器和网络设备驱动。此外，还包括如何安全地创建和管理虚拟机，以及优化性能和资源分配。在安装过程中，文档会覆盖以下关键步骤： 1. **主机准备**：检查硬件兼容性，确保CPU支持虚拟化功能，并更新和配置RHEL6系统以启用虚拟化。 2. **安装虚拟化工具**：安装并配置KVM（Kernel-based Virtual Machine）或者其他虚拟化软件，设置主机作为宿主机。 3. **创建虚拟机模板**：通过qemu-img创建虚拟硬盘映像，并使用virsh命令行工具来管理虚拟机模板。 4. **安装虚拟机**：从模板创建新的虚拟机实例，配置网络、存储和安全设置。 5. **配置网络**：选择适当的网络模式，如桥接模式、NAT模式或内部网络，确保虚拟机能够与宿主机及其他网络资源通信。 6. **存储管理**：配置共享存储或独立磁盘，以便在虚拟机之间或与物理存储之间进行数据传输。 7. **安全性与隔离**：设置防火墙规则，限制访问权限，保护虚拟环境免受攻击。 8. **性能调优**：根据实际需求调整虚拟机资源配额，例如CPU、内存和I/O性能。 9. **监控与维护**：学习如何使用virt-top、vtop等工具进行性能监控，以及如何处理虚拟机故障和维护工作。 10. **许可证和法律注意事项**：了解文档的Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License，确保在分享或修改文档时遵守版权规定，移除Red Hat商标。本指南是一份详尽的RHEL6虚拟化配置和安装指南，无论是初次接触虚拟化技术的用户还是经验丰富的管理员，都能从中获得宝贵的信息和实践指导。

Chapter 3. KVM guest virtual machine compatibility

To verify whether your processor supports the virtualization extensions and for information on

enabling the virtualization extensions if they are disabled, refer to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux

Virtualization Administration Guide.

3.1. Red Hat Ent erprise Linux 6 support limit s

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 servers have certain support limits.

The following URLs explain the processor and memory amount limitations for Red Hat Enterprise

Linux:

For host systems: http://www.redhat.com/resourcelibrary/articles/articles-red-hat-enterprise-linux-

6-technology-capabilities-and-limits

For hypervisors: http://www.redhat.com/resourcelibrary/articles/virtualization-limits-rhel-

hypervisors

Note

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.5 now supports 4TiB of memory per KVM guest.

The following URL is a complete reference showing supported operating systems and host and guest

combinations:

http://www.redhat.com/resourcelibrary/articles/enterprise-linux-virtualization-support

3.2. Support ed CPU Models

Every hypervisor has its own policy for which CPU features the guest will see by default. The set of

CPU features presented to the guest by QEMU/KVM depends on the CPU model chosen in the guest

virtual machine configuration. qemu32 and qemu64 are basic CPU models but there are other

models (with additional features) available.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 supports the use of the following QEMU CPU model definitions:

<!-- This is only a partial file, only containing the CPU models. The

XML file has more information (including supported features per model)

which you can see when you open the file yourself -->

<cpus>

...

</model>

Virt ualizat ion Host Configurat ion and G uest Inst allat ion G u ide

Chapter 4. Virtualization restrictions

This chapter covers additional support and product restrictions of the virtualization packages in Red

Hat Enterprise Linux 6.

4.1. KVM rest rict ions

The following restrictions apply to the KVM hypervisor:

Maximu m vCPUs p er g u est

The maximum amount of virtual CPUs that is supported per guest varies depending on

which minor version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 you are using as a host machine. The

release of 6.0 introduced a maximum of 64, while 6.3 introduced a maximum of 160.

Currently with the release of 6.7, a maximum of 240 virtual CPUs per guest is supported.

Co n st an t TSC b it

Systems without a Constant Time Stamp Counter require additional configuration. Refer to

Chapter 14, KVM guest timing management for details on determining whether you have a

Constant Time Stamp Counter and configuration steps for fixing any related issues.

Memo ry overcommit

KVM supports memory overcommit and can store the memory of guest virtual machines in

swap. A virtual machine will run slower if it is swapped frequently. Red Hat Knowledgebase

has an article on safely and efficiently determining an appropriate size for the swap

partition, available here: https://access.redhat.com/site/solutions/15244. When KSM is used

for memory overcommitting, make sure that the swap size follows the recommendations

described in this article.

Important

When device assignment is in use, all virtual machine memory must be statically pre-

allocated to enable DMA with the assigned device. Memory overcommit is therefore

not supported with device assignment.

CPU o verco mmit

It is not recommended to have more than 10 virtual CPUs per physical processor core.

Customers are encouraged to use a capacity planning tool in order to determine the CPU

overcommit ratio. Estimating an ideal ratio is difficult as it is highly dependent on each

workload. For instance, a guest virtual machine may consume 100% CPU on one use case,

and multiple guests may be completely idle on another.

Red Hat does not support running more vCPUs to a single guest than the amount of overall

physical cores that exist on the system. While Hyperthreads can be considered as cores,

their performance can also vary from one scenario to the next, and they should not be

expected to perform as well as regular cores.

Refer to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Virtualization Administration Guide for tips and

recommendations on overcommitting CPUs.

Virt u aliz ed SCSI d evices

Virt ualizat ion Host Configurat ion and G uest Inst allat ion G u ide

剩余163页未读，继续阅读

hainesh

粉丝: 0
资源: 4

RHEL 6虚拟化主机配置与 guest 安装指南

RHEL6集群VMware虚拟机环境安装配置文档.pdf

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Virtualization Host Configuration and

RHEL6 的服务文件RHEL 8能用吗？

rhel6_ic617 下载

安装一个没有图形的RHEL6

如何使用vmware安装一个没有图形的RHEL6

RHEL6 的服务文件RHEL 7能用吗？

is CDP build on RHEL?

gbase8sv8.8_tl_3.3.0_2_36477d_rhel6_x86_64.tar下载

RHEL8和RHEL9区别

最新资源