Windows ACPI技术详解与驱动开发

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"Windows的ACPI技术说明文档详细涵盖了操作系统与硬件设备交互的多个层面，特别是电源管理、驱动程序开发和设备支持。文档包含了各种接口、协议和驱动模型的头文件，如1394.h、61883.h、Acpiioct.h等，这些头文件对于理解Windows系统下的硬件驱动编程至关重要。" 正文: ACPI（Advanced Configuration and Power Interface）是Windows操作系统中用于硬件配置和电源管理的关键技术。它允许操作系统控制硬件设备的电源状态，实现节能和高效运行。ACPI技术在Windows中扮演着核心角色，因为它能够使系统在不同电源模式之间无缝切换，包括挂起、休眠和唤醒等功能。 ACPI技术的实施涉及到操作系统、BIOS和硬件设备三者之间的紧密协作。在Windows中，ACPI通过驱动程序与硬件设备交互，驱动程序负责解释ACPI表（如AML语言编写的固件表）并执行相应的操作。例如，Acpiioct.h和Acpitabl.h是处理ACPI对象和表格的头文件，它们为开发者提供了API，以便于与ACPI子系统进行通信。文档中的其他标签如"Driver installation"和"Driver test tools"表明，文件不仅讨论了ACPI本身，还涵盖了驱动程序安装过程和测试工具的使用，这对于确保驱动程序正确、稳定地运行至关重要。例如，Windows Driver Framework (WDF) 提供了一种结构化的驱动程序开发模型，简化了驱动程序的编写，同时提高了可靠性。 "Hardware Notifications"和"Human Interface Devices (HID)"则涉及设备事件的处理和人机交互设备的支持。HID驱动程序允许操作系统识别和管理键盘、鼠标和其他输入设备，而"Hardware Notifications"可能包含设备状态变化的处理机制，比如电池电量警告。在“Serialport”、“ParallelPorts”、“PCIbus drivers”和“Universal Serial Bus (USB)”部分，文档详细介绍了这些常见总线类型的驱动程序开发，这些接口在连接外部设备时起着关键作用。例如，USB驱动程序使得Windows系统能够识别和支持各种USB设备，如打印机、摄像头和存储设备。 "Powermetering"部分探讨了如何监测和管理系统的电源使用，这对于移动设备尤其重要，因为它可以帮助优化电池寿命。"WindowsHardware Error Architecture (WHEA)"则涉及错误检测和报告，这对于系统稳定性是必不可少的。最后，"WindowsDriver Testing Framework (WDTF)"和"TestAuthoringandExecutionFramework(TAEF)"提供了自动化测试工具，帮助开发者验证驱动程序的功能和性能，确保其在各种条件下的可靠性和兼容性。这个文档是Windows驱动程序开发者和系统管理员的宝贵资源，它深入剖析了Windows系统如何通过ACPI与其他技术协同工作，以实现高效的硬件管理和设备支持。通过学习文档中的内容，开发者可以更好地理解和创建符合Windows标准的驱动程序，从而提高系统的稳定性和用户体验。

IOCTL_ACPI_EVAL_METHOD A driver for a device can use the IOCTL_ACPI_EVAL_METHOD
device control request to synchronously evaluate an ACPI
control method that is supported by the device.
IOCTL_ACPI_EVAL_METHOD_EX A driver for a device can use the
IOCTL_ACPI_EVAL_METHOD_EX device control request to
synchronously evaluate an ACPI control method that is
supported by a child device in the namespace of the device.
IOCTL_ACPI_EVAL_METHOD_V1 The IOCTL_ACPI_EVAL_METHOD_V1 control code
synchronously evaluates an ACPI control method that is
supported by the device.
IOCTL_ACPI_EVAL_METHOD_V1_EX The IOCTL_ACPI_EVAL_METHOD_V1_EX control code
synchronously evaluates an ACPI control method that is
supported by the device.
IOCTL_ACPI_EVAL_METHOD_V2 The IOCTL_ACPI_EVAL_METHOD_V2 control code
synchronously evaluates an ACPI control method that is
supported by the device.
IOCTL_ACPI_EVAL_METHOD_V2_EX The IOCTL_ACPI_EVAL_METHOD_V2_EX control code
synchronously evaluates an ACPI control method that is
supported by the device.
IOCTL_ACPI_GET_DEVICE_INFORMATION A driver for a device can use the
IOCTL_ACPI_GET_DEVICE_INFORMATION device control
request to obtain fine-grained identification information about
its device.
IOCTL_ACPI_GET_DEVICE_SPECIFIC_DATA The IOCTL_ACPI_GET_DEVICE_SPECIFIC_DATA control code is
used to get device specific data.
IOCTL_ACPI_RELEASE_GLOBAL_LOCK The IOCTL_ACPI_RELEASE_GLOBAL_LOCK device control
request is reserved for internal use only.
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Functions
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ACPI_OP_REGION_HANDLER An ACPI_OP_REGION_HANDLER-typed routine is supplied by
an ACPI device function driver to provide access by the ACPI
driver to the device's operation region.
DeRegisterOpRegionHandler The DeRegisterOpRegionHandler routine deregisters an
operation region handler with the ACPI driver.
RegisterOpRegionHandler The RegisterOpRegionHandler routine registers an operation
region handler with the ACPI driver.
Structures

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ACPI_DEVICE_INFORMATION_OUTPUT_BUFFER The ACPI_DEVICE_INFORMATION_OUTPUT_BUFFER structure
contains output arguments from the
IOCTL_ACPI_GET_DEVICE_INFORMATION control method.
ACPI_ENUM_CHILD The ACPI_ENUM_CHILD structure is a member of the
ACPI_ENUM_CHILDREN_OUTPUT_BUFFER structure and
contains the full path and name of an object in an ACPI
namespace.
ACPI_ENUM_CHILDREN_INPUT_BUFFER The ACPI_ENUM_CHILDREN_INPUT_BUFFER structure is used
as input to an IOCTL_ACPI_ENUM_CHILDREN request. The
structure specifies which child objects to enumerate in the
namespace of the device to which the request is sent.
ACPI_ENUM_CHILDREN_OUTPUT_BUFFER The ACPI_ENUM_CHILDREN_OUTPUT_BUFFER structure
contains an array of object names in an ACPI namespace.
ACPI_EVAL_INPUT_BUFFER_COMPLEX_V1 The ACPI_EVAL_INPUT_BUFFER_COMPLEX structure is used as
input to an IOCTL_ACPI_EVAL_METHOD request and to an
IOCTL_ACPI_ASYNC_EVAL_METHOD request. The structure
supplies the name of a control method and an input array of
ACPI_METHOD_ARGUMENT structures.
ACPI_EVAL_INPUT_BUFFER_COMPLEX_V1_EX The ACPI_EVAL_INPUT_BUFFER_COMPLEX_EX structure is
used as input to an IOCTL_ACPI_EVAL_METHOD_EX request
and to an IOCTL_ACPI_ASYNC_EVAL_METHOD_EX request.
ACPI_EVAL_INPUT_BUFFER_COMPLEX_V2 This topic describes the
ACPI_EVAL_INPUT_BUFFER_COMPLEX_V2 structure.
ACPI_EVAL_INPUT_BUFFER_COMPLEX_V2_EX This topic describes the
ACPI_EVAL_INPUT_BUFFER_COMPLEX_V2_EX structure.
ACPI_EVAL_INPUT_BUFFER_SIMPLE_INTEGER_V1 The ACPI_EVAL_INPUT_BUFFER_SIMPLE_INTEGER structure is
used as input to an IOCTL_ACPI_EVAL_METHOD request and
to an IOCTL_ACPI_ASYNC_EVAL_METHOD request. The
structure supplies the name of a control method and an input
argument of type ULONG.
ACPI_EVAL_INPUT_BUFFER_SIMPLE_INTEGER_V1_EX The ACPI_EVAL_INPUT_BUFFER_SIMPLE_INTEGER_EX structure
is used as input to an IOCTL_ACPI_EVAL_METHOD_EX request
and to an IOCTL_ACPI_ASYNC_EVAL_METHOD_EX request.
ACPI_EVAL_INPUT_BUFFER_SIMPLE_INTEGER_V2 This topic describes the
ACPI_EVAL_INPUT_BUFFER_SIMPLE_INTEGER_V2 structure.
ACPI_EVAL_INPUT_BUFFER_SIMPLE_INTEGER_V2_EX This topic describes the
ACPI_EVAL_INPUT_BUFFER_SIMPLE_INTEGER_V2_EX structure.
ACPI_EVAL_INPUT_BUFFER_SIMPLE_STRING_V1 The ACPI_EVAL_INPUT_BUFFER_SIMPLE_STRING structure is
used as input to an IOCTL_ACPI_EVAL_METHOD request and
to an IOCTL_ACPI_ASYNC_EVAL_METHOD request. The
structure supplies the name of a control method and an input
argument that is an ASCII string.

ACPI_EVAL_INPUT_BUFFER_SIMPLE_STRING_V1_EX The ACPI_EVAL_INPUT_BUFFER_SIMPLE_STRING_EX structure
is used as input to an IOCTL_ACPI_EVAL_METHOD_EX request
and to an IOCTL_ACPI_ASYNC_EVAL_METHOD_EX request.
ACPI_EVAL_INPUT_BUFFER_SIMPLE_STRING_V2 This topic describes the
ACPI_EVAL_INPUT_BUFFER_SIMPLE_STRING_V2 structure.
ACPI_EVAL_INPUT_BUFFER_SIMPLE_STRING_V2_EX This topic describes the
ACPI_EVAL_INPUT_BUFFER_SIMPLE_STRING_V2_EX structure.
ACPI_EVAL_INPUT_BUFFER_V1 The ACPI_EVAL_INPUT_BUFFER structure is used as input to
an IOCTL_ACPI_EVAL_METHOD request and to an
IOCTL_ACPI_ASYNC_EVAL_METHOD request. The structure
supplies the name of a control method that does not take an
input argument.
ACPI_EVAL_INPUT_BUFFER_V1_EX The ACPI_EVAL_INPUT_BUFFER_EX structure is used as input
to an IOCTL_ACPI_EVAL_METHOD_EX request and to an
IOCTL_ACPI_ASYNC_EVAL_METHOD_EX request.
ACPI_EVAL_INPUT_BUFFER_V2 This topic describes the ACPI_EVAL_INPUT_BUFFER_V2
structure.
ACPI_EVAL_INPUT_BUFFER_V2_EX This topic describes the ACPI_EVAL_INPUT_BUFFER_V2_EX
structure.
ACPI_EVAL_OUTPUT_BUFFER_V1 The ACPI_EVAL_OUTPUT_BUFFER structure contains output
arguments from an ACPI control method.
ACPI_EVAL_OUTPUT_BUFFER_V2 This topic describes the ACPI_EVAL_OUTPUT_BUFFER_V2
structure.
ACPI_GET_DEVICE_SPECIFIC_DATA The ACPI_GET_DEVICE_SPECIFIC_DATA structure contains
input arguments for the
IOCTL_ACPI_GET_DEVICE_SPECIFIC_DATA control method.
ACPI_MANIPULATE_GLOBAL_LOCK_BUFFER This topic describes the
ACPI_MANIPULATE_GLOBAL_LOCK_BUFFER structure.
ACPI_METHOD_ARGUMENT_V1 The ACPI_METHOD_ARGUMENT structure contains the value
of an input or output argument of an ACPI control method.
ACPI_METHOD_ARGUMENT_V2 This topic describes the ACPI_METHOD_ARGUMENT_V2
structure.
BBRT_TABLE Defines a Boot Background Resource Table.
GIC_ITS This topic describes the GIC_ITS structure.
LPI_STATE_DESCRIPTOR Defines an LPI state descriptor.
LPI_STATE_FLAGS Defines LPI state flags, either as a structure or as an integer.
LPIT Defines an LPI ACPI table.
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