转型为云专家：Office 365与SharePoint Online管理指南

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《从IT专家到云专家：Microsoft Office 365与SharePoint Online》是一本由微软 MVP Ben Curry 和资深云架构师 Brian Laws 联合撰写的指南，专为那些希望适应云计算时代转变的IT管理员、开发者和架构师提供实用知识。该书针对Microsoft Office 365的云环境（纯云）和混合环境，详细讲解了关键云技术的管理，包括Azure AD、OneDrive for Business以及如何利用Windows PowerShell进行关键任务自动化。作者们强调了在云计算环境下，作为“云专家”所需掌握的核心技能，这些技能涵盖了基础设施管理、脚本编写、安全性和网络技术等方面。读者将学习如何在现代云环境中有效地进行Office 365内容和服务的管理和交付，无论用户何时何地，都能通过任何设备访问组织数据，并跨越地理界限。书中各章节深入浅出，从入门开始介绍作为Office 365云专家的角色定位，随后探讨PowerShell的基础知识，这是管理和自动化云任务的关键工具。接着，章节详细讲解如何运用Azure Active Directory对Office 365进行身份和权限管理，以及如何配置和管理SharePoint Online，包括服务、站点集和混合功能。此外，还涉及如何通过Mobile Device Management for Office 365确保客户设备的安全，以及如何集中管理用户资料、群组、应用和社交功能。混合办公环境的连接和身份数据共享是本书的另一个重点，作者会指导读者如何桥接Office 365和本地环境，实现身份和数据的无缝流动。最后，章节讨论如何执行治理、安全和合规策略，以及如何迁移内容至SharePoint Online。《从IT专家到云专家：Microsoft Office 365与SharePoint Online》是一本实用的参考书籍，旨在帮助读者掌握最新云计算技术，顺利过渡到云时代的IT管理角色。无论是对于寻求转型的个人还是希望提升团队能力的企业，这本书都是宝贵的学习资源。版权信息表明，未经许可，任何部分内容不得复制或传播。

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CHAPTER 1

Getting started as an Ofce

365 cloud pro

■

Becoming a cloud pro 2

■

Living in a tenant world 5

■

The rapid pace of change 6

■

Preparing the network 8

■

Getting started with Ofce 365 9

elcome to what we hope to be the rst in a long line of books centered on the

Microsoft cloud pro. The primary purpose of this book is to come alongside

traditional IT pros and help them be prepared to manage Ofce 365, Microsoft’s premier

Software as a Service (SaaS). Quite often, an IT pro is thrust into the cloud after someone

in their organization decided it was the right thing to do. “We’re moving to Ofce 365,

and you’re going to manage it.”

That can be a lot to swallow, so in this little book we’re going to do what we can to help

you get your arms around it and approach it from the right direction. By no means is this

book comprehensive, nor is it overly deep. Sure, we’ll dive deeply into some of the aspects

we think you’ll need to know, but a signicant and important goal of this book is to simply

make you aware of what you have available. Wouldn’t it be great if you could not only

deliver to the business the SharePoint Online you wanted but then also, for example, hand

to them automatic data-loss protection or enterprise social through Yammer? As we enter

the era of the cloud pro, you have tremendous opportunities to innovate for your business

and add greater value. It’s hard to do that if you don’t know what’s possible.

A fundamental premise of this book is that you are an IT pro and generally know what

you’re doing on-premises. Or you know enough to play an IT pro on TV. Regardless, you’re

smart, and you know how to nd stuff on Bing or TechNet. We’re not going to insult your

intelligence by pretending you can’t. As such, we’ll assume you possess a certain amount

of knowledge. For example, we’ll assume you already know the fundamentals of Ofce

365, such as how to get it, how to create and license users, and how to navigate the admin

portals. Don’t worry, though, if you’re completely new to Ofce 365. We’ll provide you

with some information at the end of the chapter to help you with some of the prerequi-

sites if you’re not familiar with Ofce 365 yet.

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2 Chapter 1 Getting started as an Ofce 365 cloud pro

The purpose of this chapter is to address a couple of miscellaneous fundamental topics you

should keep in mind as you start your journey as a cloud pro. These are the foundations upon

which the rest can be built.

Becoming a cloud pro

“Cloud pro? What in the world is a cloud pro?” We used that term a bunch already. You might

be scratching your head about it right now. You’ve heard of developers (or devs) and IT pros,

but a cloud pro?

To “do” the cloud, someone working in IT must have a mix of skills that don’t t neatly into

any one of the two traditional categories. They must be able to understand infrastructure,

write scripts, understand authentication and authorization (OAuth vs. SAML vs. WS-FED), be

comfortable in Visual Studio, and perform various other IT tasks. They’re not devs, and they’re

not quite IT pros.

They’re cloud pros.

Cloud pro is a term that describes the new category of professional who is focused on the

cloud and cloud technologies. Although these professionals tend to have more of an IT-pro

bent, they also have a lot of the skills traditionally plied by their dev colleagues as well. The mix

of skills is similar to that of a DevOps practitioner. A cloud pro is someone who understands the

underlying concepts of the cloud, like Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service

(PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). They know how authentication works and how to set

up hybrid identities. They’re comfortable with Microsoft Windows PowerShell and frequently

think in terms of automation and scalability. They understand that the cloud is really all about

disposable computing. Their focus is frequently on building a patchwork of cloud services that

modern businesses need to be efcient, resilient, and cost conscious. They build the bridges

that allow their customers to reap all those valuable cloud benets.

But what about the IT pro?

Let’s face it: the days of the traditional IT pro might be numbered. It’s uncomfortable to talk

about, but we’re your friends—we’ve got to. We’re moving more and more into a world driven

by PowerShell and conguration tools. Although scripting and light development was par for

the course for IT pros “back in the day,” many of the current IT pros would be lost if they didn’t

have a nice UI and lots of help from Bing. Because cloud work also frequently involves dev and

even business analyst skills, many modern IT pros won’t be able to do cloud. By no means do

we intend to bash IT pros. We really think of ourselves as IT pros at heart. They’re our tribe.

However, IT pros unwilling to modernize their skills will nd themselves put out to pasture as

the cloud comes rolling in. There still are COBOL programmers out there who are gainfully and

comfortably employed, but opportunities for them are few and far between.

The good news, though, is that it’s denitely possible for them to prepare for the cloudy

future—and they’ll have fun doing so!

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Becoming a cloud pro Chapter 1 3

Cloud pro diversity

One hallmark of the cloud is that, at its most basic level, it’s a set of services that can be

consumed to solve a problem. Those services are many and varied. One layer of the stack

comprises the vendors: Microsoft, Amazon, Google, and others. Beneath the vendor layer are

the main cloud categories: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and

Software as a Service (SaaS). Inside each of these categories are the individual vendor-specic

products. A cloud pro might specialize in any tier or component in the stack. One cloud pro

might have a particular focus on Microsoft Azure PaaS offerings, while another might be

focused on AWS’ IaaS, while yet another might be focused on Salesforce and SaaS. Some cloud

pros might be focused on Ofce 365. Others might not specialize at all and be open to any and

all cloud services, tying them together (including across vendors).

The tremendous diversity in cloud services will result in great diversity among cloud pros. With

the cloud vendors’ rapid pace of innovation, the options will only grow, providing even more oppor-

tunities to learn and potentially specialize further. For someone who loves technology and is always

interested in learning something new, all this diversity and innovation will be delightful. However, if

you’re unwelcoming of continual challenge and aren’t looking for more personal growth, this might

be a daunting eld for you. Don’t get us wrong—it doesn’t mean you can’t or shouldn’t be a cloud

pro. You certainly can pick and stick with a few specialties. However, the speed at which a vendor can

iterate in your specialty will likely mean an increased need for you to stay current in your niche.

Cloud pro skills

Although it’s still early in the age of the cloud pro, we’ll try to outline some primary skills and

technologies a cloud pro likely needs. You’ll see that a lot of these skills apply to a traditional IT

pro. However, they have a different bent or context, and they’ll be needed in conjunction with

the other skills listed.

Technologies:

■

IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS Understand each of these types of services and when and

where each is appropriate.

■

Know the major Microsoft cloud services Stay familiar with the planned roadmaps,

and know how to calculate costs (at least roughly).

■

PowerShell or other scripting (including best practices)

■

Identity Management (SAML, OAuth, and WS-Fed) and identity sync tools Be

especially familiar with Microsoft Azure Active Directory Connect.

■

Performance profiling and monitoring in the cloud

■

Microsoft Visual Studio, other IDEs, or both Develop some comfort with code and

the tools of the dev trade. At a minimum, at least learn how to read the primary devel-

opment languages used by your organization.

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4 Chapter 1 Getting started as an Ofce 365 cloud pro

■

Networking, at least at a medium level The cloud needs lots of connections, so at

least be able to talk at an intermediate level with a network professional. Build relation-

ships with them—you’ll need them on your side!

■

Cloud security

■

JSON and XML

■

Know the basic concepts of working with public-key infrastructure (PKI) services This

includes issuing, installing, renewing, and revoking certicates.

■

Desired State Configuration (or other declarative configuration technologies

like Chef) if you’re doing IaaS

Ideally, instead of bespoke servers which are manu-

ally congured, VMs should be disposable and thus be congured through declarative

technologies like Desired State Conguration (DSC). In the cloud space, we use the term

“cattle, not pets” to describe this philosophy of managing servers.

■

Source control We really should be using it.

■

Azure Active Directory

■

Storage, networking, and compute Know how to make them performant and fault

tolerant.

■

Azure Resource Manager (ARM)

■

Azure Recovery Services

“Soft skills” will be just as important as the technology (and sometimes more so). They can

actually be harder than the technology. Here are just a few skills that serve the cloud pro well:

■

Understand the whole concept of disposable computing.

■

Understand loosely coupled architectures.

■

Understand scaling strategies.

■

Be able to perform workload analysis. (Is it even t for the cloud?)

■

Be able to perform cost analysis.

■

Understand most of the concepts in DevOps.

■

Understand workload migration (lots of planning and testing).

■

Be able to do strategic planning.

■

Develop the ability to collaborate well with business users to dene such things as goals

and requirements.

■

Be able to perform testing.

■

Understand application life-cycle management (ALM) and the software development

life-cycle (SDLC).

Again, these are just a few of the skills required by the cloud pro. The challenge for the

cloud pro is that, unlike a traditional IT pro or Dev, you really need to have the large majority of

these skills to succeed.

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Living in a tenant world Chapter 1 5

The Ofce 365 cloud pro

So far, everything has been generic and applicable to cloud pros in the broad sense. However,

this book is focused on Ofce 365. What do those of us who work with Ofce 365 need to be

concerned with?

Ofce 365 is SaaS that’s hosted and supported by Microsoft. It’s a subset of the Microsoft

cloud. Because it’s SaaS, a lot of the work of administration and conguration has been done

for you. You don’t have to worry about servers, patching Microsoft SharePoint, and keeping

it all running. Sure, it’s IaaS under the cover, but it’s nothing you need to care about. Never-

theless, you need to understand and maintain most of the same skills, such as working with

PowerShell, cloud networking, cloud security, Azure Active Directory, identity management,

and change management. Hybrid congurations are the cloud pro’s bread and butter, so it

will be important that you understand each component in a hybrid architecture. Additionally,

as the use of Ofce 365 grows and companies become more and more familiar with the cloud

and its advantages, opportunities to bring together Ofce 365 and Azure services will likely

grow as well. Advanced capabilities of Azure Active Directory, the Power BI platform, provider-

hosted add-ins, Power Apps, and Microsoft Flow—all of these (and more!)—can be leveraged

to extend the capabilities you get out of the box with Ofce 365.

Living in a tenant world

One of the most important concepts of the public cloud (and even sometimes in private

clouds) is that of the tenant

. If you truly understand this concept and its implications, you’re

well on your way to understanding why the services are the way they are and why certain

limitations are in place. In our opinion, it’s the key to understanding the cloud.

Merriam-Webster denes tenant as follows: “a person, business, group, etc., that pays to

use another person’s property: someone who rents or leases a house, apartment, etc., from a

landlord” (http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tenant). This is an excellent description

of a tenant in the cloud, too. Let’s elaborate.

Let’s take the example of living in an apartment. If you do so, you’re paying for the right to

use a portion of the space. Every month, you pay somebody (either the owner or a manage-

ment company) for the amount of space you occupy. Some apartments are more expensive

than others because they’re larger or have more amenities. You’re paying for the temporary

right to live there; you have no ownership stake in the property except for what you brought

into the apartment. The stuff that was already in there (such as the carpet and cabinets) is

owned by the landlord, and that landlord was responsible for making sure it was in good order

when it was delivered to you. Although you’re responsible for what’s inside the apartment,

the landlord is responsible for everything else: the building itself, maintaining the grounds,

keeping the stairwell in good repair, making sure utilities can be delivered to your apartment,

and so forth. You tap into those utilities—like water, sewage, cable, and electricity—with other

tenants of the building, and you either pay for what you use or pay a at fee that the landlord

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