探索Visual Studio 2015实践应用

VS2015

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"Practical Microsoft Visual Studio 2015.pdf" 本书《Practical Microsoft Visual Studio 2015》由Peter Ritchie撰写，主要探讨了微软的旗舰级开发工具Visual Studio 2015的实用知识和技巧。作者通过丰富的实践经验和深入的洞察力，向读者展示了如何充分利用这个强大的集成开发环境（IDE）来提高开发效率和代码质量。在Visual Studio 2015中，开发者可以利用其多语言支持进行各种类型的应用程序开发，包括但不限于Windows桌面应用、Web应用、移动应用以及云计算服务。以下是该书可能涵盖的一些关键知识点： 1. **安装与配置**：介绍如何下载和安装Visual Studio 2015，以及选择合适的版本和工作负荷，以满足不同开发需求。 2. **IDE界面和工作流**：讲解IDE的基本布局，如解决方案资源管理器、代码编辑器、调试器、团队资源管理器等，以及如何自定义工作环境以提高生产力。 3. **项目和解决方案**：详细解释如何创建、管理和组织项目和解决方案，以及版本控制集成，如Git和Team Foundation Server。 4. **代码编辑与智能提示**：讨论代码编辑器的特性，如语法高亮、自动完成、重构工具，以及如何使用IntelliSense提升编码速度。 5. **调试与诊断**：介绍强大的调试工具，包括设置断点、数据监视、内存分析，以及性能分析器，帮助开发者定位和修复问题。 6. **测试工具**：讲解如何编写和运行单元测试，集成测试，以及使用代码覆盖率工具来确保代码质量。 7. **Visual Studio Online**：介绍云集成，包括Visual Studio Online（现称为Visual Studio App Center）的持续集成/持续部署（CI/CD）功能。 8. **跨平台开发**：涵盖使用Visual Studio 2015进行iOS、Android和Linux应用的开发，以及使用Xamarin和Visual C++ for Cross Platform Mobile Development。 9. **Web开发**：探讨ASP.NET 5（现称为ASP.NET Core）和Web工具，包括MVC、Web API和 SignalR。 10. **移动开发**：介绍如何使用Visual Studio开发UWP（通用Windows平台）应用，以及Xamarin.Forms进行跨平台移动应用开发。 11. **扩展性与自定义**：讲解如何创建和使用Visual Studio扩展，以扩展IDE的功能，满足个性化需求。 12. **源代码管理**：介绍源代码控制的集成，包括Git、Subversion（SVN）和其他版本控制系统。 13. **部署与发布**：指导读者如何将应用程序部署到不同的目标平台，如Azure云服务、本地服务器或应用商店。 14. **最新技术与更新**：可能会包含Visual Studio 2015的更新和Service Pack，以保持与最新的开发趋势同步。这本书不仅适合初学者了解Visual Studio 2015的基础，也对经验丰富的开发者提供了深入的技术细节和最佳实践，帮助他们提升开发效率和代码质量。通过学习此书，读者能够更好地掌握这一强大的开发工具，从而在软件开发领域取得更大的成功。

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CHAPTER 1 ■ INTRODUCTION TO VISUAL STUDIO 2015

Visual Studio 2015 has substantial debugging capabilities with features like IntelliTrace . IntelliTrace is

a historical debugger for managed code that records events during execution within the debugger such as

method calls, method parameters, exceptions, timings, memory usage, etc. This allows you to rewind code

in the debugger should more information need be analyzed when a particular breakpoint is hit.

This book isn’t specifically about working with an IDE. This information is provided to inform readers

about the features of an IDE so that we can compare Visual Studio 2015 features.

Visual Studio 2015 Editions

Visual Studio 2015 continues the Editions idea of Visual Studio, providing multiple editions geared toward

different segments of the market or toward different roles within organizations.

Difference from Version 2013

If you’re familiar with Visual Studio 2013 , it will be useful to look at what has changed in the Editions

landscape. One of the biggest differences in 2015 from 2013 is the new Community Edition and the

sunsetting of the Express Editions.

Prior to Visual Studio 2015 ( Visual Studio 2013 ), Visual Studio had Express Editions. This wasn’t merely

one edition, it was really four—Visual Studio Express for Desktop, Visual Studio Express for Web, and Visual

Studio Express for Windows. There was also a Team Foundation Server 2015 Express Edition.

Visual Studio Express for Desktop is an edition of Visual Studio 2013 that uses the familiar Visual Studio

2013 IDE that focuses on and facilitates development of desktop applications for Windows. This edition

supports all the typical “native” platforms for windows: Windows Presentation Framework (WPF), Windows

Forms, and Win32. Each platform generally has its own supported programming languages, but the Visual

Studio Express for Desktop Edition supports C#, Visual Basic, and C++. While this edition allows you to

create applications for Windows 7 and beyond, it isn’t supported under Windows 10.

Visual Studio Express for Web is an edition of Visual Studio 2013 that uses the familiar Visual Studio

2013 IDE that facilitates development of web sites, web APIs, or ASP.NET. Visual Studio Express for Desktop

edition supports C# and Visual Basic for ASP.NET and web APIs, and the typical web stack for web sites:

JavaScript, HTML, CSS, etc. This edition also isn’t supported under Windows 10.

Visual Studio Express for Windows is an edition of Visual Studio 2013 that uses the familiar Visual Studio

2013 IDE that facilitates development of Windows Store applications for Windows Phone and Windows 8.1+.

Windows Store applications can be written in C#, Visual Basic, HTML5/JavaScript, and C++. While this edition

allows you to create applications for Windows 8.1 and beyond, it isn’t supported under Windows 10.

Express editions typically didn’t support extensions (some versions supported Microsoft-only

extensions). This changed with the 2013 Community Edition that allowed extensions. Using the Community

Edition meant the ability to create application/web sites/etc. with Visual Studio for free but still use

extensions (like TestDriven.NET, NUnit, etc.)

Visual Studio Team Foundation Server 2015 Express is an edition of Visual Studio for non-programmers

and non-testers. These are team members who need to work with work items, bugs, tasks, etc. (Otherwise,

for team members who need to work with developers and testers but didn’t need to use any of the IDE

features of Visual Studio, but just access TFS.) This edition became less and less important, as a web-based

UI to TFS was created and has feature parity with Visual Studio Team Foundation Server 2015 Express (and

in some cases, it’s much more feature-rich).

In Visual Studio 2013 all the Express Editions and the Community Edition are replaced by the one

Community Edition. Users download the plugins, extensions, packs, packages, etc. and then can develop for

the platform or platforms of their choice.

The Visual Studio 2013 Ultimate and Premium Editions have not been carried forward to Visual Studio

2015. Instead there is an Enterprise Edition, which effectively has the features of the Visual Studio 2013

Premium and Visual Studio 2013 Ultimate Editions.

CHAPTER 1 ■ INTRODUCTION TO VISUAL STUDIO 2015

Community

As detailed, Microsoft has historically had Express Editions of Visual Studio that allow developers to create

applications/web sites with Microsoft technologies at no cost. The Express Editions were criticized for not

including all the basic tools that good software deployment needs. Things like unit testing and code analysis

were lacking in some Express Editions, leaving the moniker “integrated” somewhat of a misnomer. There are

literally thousands of extensions for Visual Studio and, while Express Editions might not have included all

the tools for good software development, an extension could have been found to compensate. Alas, Express

Editions did not support extensions .

After the Visual Studio 2013 Editions were released, Microsoft (or Microsoft Developer Division,

DevDiv) started to move to a more componentized model with Visual Studio. Quickly Visual Studio proper

was just a shell and the various things that made it an IDE were extensions, packs, add-ons, plugins, etc. The

features could then be updated out-of-band (e.g., once a quarter as Microsoft also moved to a more iterative

development cycle). It was clear with this extensible model that the lack of extensions would hurt more

than it benefited. The Community Edition was introduced and it allowed developers to use Visual Studio for

various platforms at no cost but still use extensions. This allowed the four Express Editions (and the costly

management of different SKUs that went along with it) to be sunsetted while making the community as a

whole happier.

For the most part, the Community Edition of Visual Studio 2015 is a slightly scaled back version of

the Professional Edition. The Community Edition, like the Express Editions, does not support “enterprise”

development (which means an organization with >250 PCs or >US$1 million annual revenue or more than

five Visual Studio users writing software). The Community Edition provides no support over and above the

support someone could get in the community: StackOverflow, MSDN Forums, etc.

The Community Edition provides features for debugging, unit testing, code editing and refactoring, UI

design, viewing dependency graphs and code maps, code analysis, and team collaboration.

Professional

The Visual Studio 2015 Professional Edition is very similar to the Visual Studio 2015 Community Edition.

Probably the most obvious difference is cost. The cost varies depending on the licensing/subscription

model, quantity, and whether it includes MSDN. There are courses and much material on licensing with

Microsoft, so we won’t attempt to get into pricing here.

The important part of Visual Studio 2015 Professional is that the minimum requirement for use is

“Enterprise Development” (five or more developers or an organization with >250 PCs, or an organization

with >US$ 1 million in annual revenue).

Professional also includes CodeLens . CodeLens was introduced in Visual Studio 2013 (although only

available in Ultimate) and allows developers to see what code references methods, how many unit tests there

are, and how many are passing for a method, who was the last to edit the method, past and future edits to a

method, and any work items associated with the method. Developers can see all this information without

having to go out to the respective tools (TFS or GIT), therefore improving productivity.

In addition, Visual Studio 2015 Professional includes Team Foundation Server (TFS) features. It might

seem a little strange that Visual Studio 2015 Professional is the lowest edition to support TFS since there is

an Express (no-cost) edition of TFS, but this is mostly due to the fact that Visual Studio 2015 Professional

includes a license for TFS, whereas Community does not. The Team Foundation Server “features” with

Visual Studio 2015 Professional simply seem to be the Team Foundation Server features .

Enterprise

Visual Studio 2015 Enterprise Edition is the next level up from Visual Studio 2015 Professional. It’s the first

edition to include creation and editing of architectural and design diagrams (although lower editions can

view them). Unfortunately it’s also the lowest edition that supports architectural validation. Architectural

CHAPTER 1 ■ INTRODUCTION TO VISUAL STUDIO 2015

validations perform validations based on design in diagrams. Diagrams like UML, Layer, etc. can be used to

validate that the solution is abiding by the constraints of the diagrams. For the most part, this requires a lot of

up-front design and isn’t part of non-Enterprise users running of unit tests. In fact, it has to be run manually

and separately from unit tests. Presumably someone would occasionally validate the architecture in this

way, but this doesn’t keep feedback close to when it was worked on, so this is problematic. It can, however,

be set up on build in Team Foundation Server and be validated reasonably close to the work if gated check-

ins are used. If you’re using Git, however, this is a completely manual process.

Testing is greatly expanded in the Enterprise Edition. The Visual Studio 2015 Enterprise Edition

includes lab management that manages the VMs you might want to use for your automated testing. This

allows for load and performance testing, verifying code coverage, and performing coded UI tests, integration

with manual and exploratory testing and managing test cases. Visual Studio 2015 Enterprise also includes

IntelliTest and Fakes. If you’re familiar with Pex/Moles, you know what IntelliTest and Fakes are. IntelliTest

is the next evolution of Pex that gives you the ability to automatically generate unit tests for code—effectively

automated white box testing. And Fakes (which has been around since Visual Studio 2012) is mole

integration and it allows mocking out methods with a “fake” delegate for more thorough unit testing.

Code Clone is also included in the Enterprise Edition. Code Clone allows you to find the same or similar

code in your solution and then employ the DRY principle and refactor your code so it’s not duplicated. See

Figure

1-1 for an example.

Figure 1-1. Code Clone

Test Professional

The “next” edition is Visual Studio 2015 Test Professional. Visual Studio 2015 Enterprise is really the top

edition, so Visual Studio 2015 Test Professional isn’t one up from Visual Studio 2015 Enterprise, it’s really

just off to the side. Visual Studio 2015 Test Professional is a scaled-down version of Visual Studio for testing

professionals. It contains no IDE features like Code Lens, nor any debugging and diagnostic features, nor any

architectural features. It just contains testing features.

Test Professional provides testing professional features like lab management, TFS features, manual and

exploratory testing, as well as test case management. It also includes collaboration tools that are not related

to code, like Storyboarding and Team Explorer.

This edition is intended solely for testing professionals to do testing and collaborate with the team.

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