轻松掌握动态网站设计：PHP解决方案第2版

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"PHP Solutions: Dynamic Web Design Made Easy 1st Edition" 本书《PHP Solutions: Dynamic Web Design Made Easy》是David Powers的第二版，旨在帮助非程序员或初学者掌握PHP动态网站设计。随着技术的更新，此版已纳入了自第一版以来PHP的改变，并提供了最新的技术和最佳实践，以适应21世纪的PHP需求。 PHP与MySQL数据库是最受欢迎的动态网站创建组合，因为它们免费、易于使用，并且许多网络托管公司都在标准套餐中提供。然而，大多数PHP书籍要么假设读者已经是专家，要么要求进行大量缺乏实际价值的练习。相反，这本书通过一系列可以直接应用于网站的实用示例，让你立刻体验到价值，提升性能并添加诸如文件上传、电子邮件反馈表单、图像画廊、内容管理系统等功能。每个解决方案都兼顾功能性和视觉设计。书中的每一个PHP解决方案都是建立在前面知识的基础上，快速而轻松地教你PHP基础和数据库设计。随着阅读的深入，你将学会如何编写自己的脚本，或者根据需要修改现有的脚本。一开始就强调了采用安全编码实践来保护网站的简便性。书的结构清晰，内容包括： 1. PHP基础知识：介绍PHP语言的基本语法和概念，使初学者能够理解并开始编写简单的代码。 2. 数据库设计：讲解如何使用MySQL创建和管理数据库，以及如何将PHP与MySQL结合使用，以实现数据的动态交互。 3. 动态功能实现：通过实例展示如何创建反馈表单、会员图片上传（自动调整大小）、文件上传系统等，这些都是网站常见的动态功能。 4. 安全性：讨论如何通过安全编码实践来防止常见的网络安全威胁，如SQL注入和跨站脚本攻击。 5. 优化与性能：指导如何优化代码，提高网站性能，确保用户有良好的浏览体验。 6. 内容管理系统：介绍如何构建简单的CMS，使网站内容的管理和更新变得更加便捷。 7. 实用技巧和最佳实践：分享一些在实际开发中可能遇到的问题及其解决策略，以及如何遵循最佳实践来提高代码质量。《PHP Solutions》是一本非常适合初学者和有一定基础的开发者的学习资料，它通过实践导向的教学方式，帮助读者快速掌握PHP动态网站设计，不仅提供了现成的脚本，还培养了读者自我学习和解决问题的能力。通过本书，你将能够自信地创建和定制符合自己需求的动态网站。

CONTENTS

Acknowledgments

My thanks go to everyone who was involved in the production of this book. The original idea to write PHP

Solutions came from Chris Mills, my editor for many years at Apress/friends of ED, whos now Developer

Relations Manager at Opera and a passionate advocate of web standards. It was a great idea, Chris.

Thanks to your help, the first edition of this book became my biggest seller. The invitation to write this

second edition came from Chriss successor, Ben Renow-Clarke. Like Chris, Ben has given me free rein to

shape this book according to my own ideas but has always put himself in the position of the reader,

nudging me in the right direction when an explanation wasnt clear enough or a chapter was badly

organized.

Im grateful to Kris Besley and Jason Nadon, who scoured my text and code for errors. Much though I hate

to admit it, they did find some. Kris, in particular, made some really good suggestions for improving the

code. Diolch yn fawr iawn. Any mistakes that remain are my responsibility alone.

Most of all, thanks to you for reading. I hope you enjoy the book as much as I have enjoyed writing it.

INTRODUCTION

xvi

Introduction

When the first edition of PHP Solutions was published, I was concerned that the subtitle, Dynamic Web

Design Made Easy, sounded overambitious. PHP is not difficult, but nor is it like an instant cake mix: just

add water and stir. Every website is different, so its impossible to grab a script, paste it into a web page,

and expect it to work. My aim was to help web designers with little or no knowledge of programming gain

the confidence to dive into the code and adjust it to their own requirements.

The enduring popularity of the first edition suggests that many readers took up the challenge. Part of the

books success stemmed from the use of clear, straightforward language, highlighting points where you

might make mistakes, with advice on how to solve problems. Another factor was its emphasis on forward

and backward compatibility. The solutions were based on PHP 5, but alternatives were provided for

readers still stuck on PHP 4.

Time has moved on. PHP 5 is now a mature and stable platform. This new edition of PHP Solutions

requires PHP 5.2 and MySQL 4.1 or later. Some code will work with earlier versions, but most of it wont.

The emphasis on future compatibility remains unchanged. All the code in this book avoids features

destined for removal when work resumes on PHP 6 (at the time of this writing, its not known when that will

be).

The decision to drop support for older versions of PHP and MySQL has been liberating. When friends of

ED asked me to prepare a new edition of this book, I initially thought it would involve just brushing away a

few cobwebs. As soon as I started reviewing the code, I realized just how much the need to cater for PHP

4 had constrained me. Its also fair to say that my coding style and knowledge of PHP had expanded

greatly in the intervening years.

As a result, this new edition is a major rewrite. The basic structure of the book remains the same, but

every chapter has been thoroughly revised, and an extra two have been added. In some cases, little

remains of the original chapter other than the title. For example, the file upload and thumbnail creation

scripts in Chapters 6 and 8 have been completely refactored as PHP 5 custom classes, and the mail

processing script in Chapter 5 has been rewritten to make it easier to redeploy in different websites. Other

big changes include a class to check password strength in Chapter 9 and detailed coverage of the date

and time classes introduced in PHP 5.2 and 5.3. Want to display the date of events on the second

Tuesday of each month? Chapter 14 shows how to do it in half a dozen lines of code. Chapter 16 adds

coverage of foreign key constraints in InnoDB, the default storage engine in MySQL 5.5.

I hesitated before devoting so much attention to using PHP classes. Many regard them as an advanced

subject, not suitable for readers who dont have a programming background. But the advantages far

outweighed my reservations. In simple terms, a class is a collection of predefined functions designed to

perform related tasks. The beauty of using classes is that theyre project-neutral. Admittedly, the file

upload class in Chapter 6 is longer than the equivalent script in the first edition of PHP Solutions, but you

can reuse it in multiple projects with just a few lines of code. If youre in hurry or are daunted by the

prospect of building class definitions, you can simply use the finished files. However, I encourage you to

explore the class definitions. The code will teach you a lot of PHP that youll find useful in other situations.

INTRODUCTION

xvii

Each chapter takes you through a series of stages in a single project, with each stage building on the

previous one. By working through each chapter, you get the full picture of how everything fits together.

You can later refer to the individual stages to refresh your memory about a particular technique. Although

this isnt a reference book, Chapter 3 is a primer on PHP syntax, and some chapters contain short

reference sections—notably Chapter 7 (reading from and writing to files), Chapter 9 (sessions), Chapter

10 (MySQL data types), Chapter 11 (MySQL prepared statements), Chapter 13 (the four essential SQL

commands), and Chapter 14 (working with dates and times).

So, how easy is easy? I have done my best to ease your path, but there is no magic potion. It requires

some effort on your part. Dont attempt to do everything at once. Add dynamic features to your site a few

at a time. Get to understand how they work, and your efforts will be amply rewarded. Adding PHP and

MySQL to your skills will enable you to build websites that offer much richer content and an interactive

user experience.

Using the example files

All the files necessary for working through this book can be downloaded from the friends of ED website at

http://www.friendsofed.com/downloads.html. Make sure you select the download link for PHP

Solutions: Dynamic Web Design Made Easy, Second Edition. The code is very different from the first

edition.

Set up a PHP development environment, as described in Chapter 2. Unzip the files, and copy the phpsols

folder and all its contents into your web servers document root. The code for each chapter is in a folder

named after the chapter: ch01, ch02, and so on. Follow the instructions in each PHP solution, and copy

the relevant files to the site root or the work folder indicated.

Where a page undergoes several changes during a chapter, I have numbered the different versions like

this: index_01.php, index_02.php, and so on. When copying a file that has a number, remove the

underscore and number from the filename, so index_01.php becomes index.php. If you are using a

program like Dreamweaver that prompts you to update links when moving files from one folder to another,

do not update them. The links in the files are designed to pick up the right images and style sheets when

located in the target folder. I have done this so you can use a file comparison utility to check your files

against mine.

If you dont have a file comparison utility, I strongly urge you to install one. It will save you hours of head

scratching when trying to spot the difference between your version and mine. A missing semicolon or

mistyped variable can be hard to spot in dozens of lines of code. Windows users can download WinMerge

for free from http://winmerge.org/. I use Beyond Compare (www.scootersoftware.com). Its not free

but is excellent and reasonably priced. BBEdit on a Mac includes a file comparison utility. Alternatively,

use the file comparison feature in TextWrangler, which can be downloaded free from

www.barebones.com/products/textwrangler/.

The HTML code in the example files and text uses HTML5 syntax, but I have avoided using elements that

are not supported by older browsers. Even Internet Explorer 6 understands the HTML5 DOCTYPE

declaration, and new form elements that older browsers dont recognize are rendered as text input fields.

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