Java EE 6 教程：权威指南

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"这是一份关于J2EE的详细使用教程，源自电子版教科书，由Oracle公司出版，适用于2012年的Java EE 6版本。教程包含了开发企业级Java应用程序的指导文档和示例代码，同时也明确了版权和使用许可条款。" 在Java EE（Java Platform, Enterprise Edition）这个强大的平台上，开发者可以构建可扩展且高度模块化的服务器端应用。这份《Java EE 6 Tutorial》是Oracle公司发布的权威资料，旨在帮助开发者掌握如何利用Java EE 6来开发企业级应用。 Java EE 6引入了许多新特性和改进，例如： 1. **简化开发**：通过简化API和引入预配置的"Web Profile"，降低了对新手开发者的入门难度。Web Profile是一个轻量级的子集，包含开发大多数Web应用所需的核心组件。 2. **CDI（Contexts and Dependency Injection）**：CDI是一种依赖注入框架，允许开发者声明性地管理组件的生命周期和依赖关系，减少了手动管理对象的复杂性。 3. **JSF 2.0（JavaServer Faces）**：更新的用户界面框架提供了更丰富的组件库，支持Facelets视图技术，以及更灵活的编程模型。 4. **EJB 3.1**：企业级JavaBean的最新版本增强了轻量化特性，如无状态会话bean的简化，以及引入了定时器服务和异步方法调用。 5. **JPA 2.0（Java Persistence API）**：提升了ORM（对象关系映射）功能，包括多态性支持、 Criteria查询和更多的元数据注解。 6. **RESTful Web服务**：通过JAX-RS（Java API for RESTful Web Services），Java EE 6支持创建符合REST原则的Web服务，使得与各种客户端（如浏览器或移动设备）的集成变得更加简单。 7. **WebSocket**：Java EE 6引入了对WebSocket协议的支持，为实时双向通信提供了基础。 8. ** profiles**：Java EE 6引入了profiles的概念，允许厂商提供更针对性的实现，比如Web Profile，满足不同规模和需求的应用场景。教程中提供的示例代码可以帮助读者更好地理解这些概念，并动手实践。需要注意的是，这些示例代码遵循特定的许可协议，即Berkeley许可证，使用者应仔细阅读并遵守相关的使用和披露限制。这份《Java EE 6 Tutorial》是一份全面的学习资源，涵盖了从基础到高级的Java EE开发知识，对于任何希望在Java EE平台上开发企业级应用的人来说，都是宝贵的参考资料。通过深入学习，开发者可以掌握构建高效、可维护的企业级系统的技巧和最佳实践。

Accessing Enterprise Beans .............................................................................................................. 445

Using Enterprise Beans in Clients ............................................................................................ 445

Deciding on Remote or Local Access ....................................................................................... 446

Local Clients ............................................................................................................................... 447

Remote Clients ........................................................................................................................... 449

Web Service Clients ................................................................................................................... 450

Method Parameters and Access ................................................................................................ 451

The Contents of an Enterprise Bean ............................................................................................... 451

Packaging Enterprise Beans in EJB JAR Modules .................................................................. 451

Packaging Enterprise Beans in WAR Modules ...................................................................... 452

Naming Conventions for Enterprise Beans ................................................................................... 453

The Lifecycles of Enterprise Beans .................................................................................................. 454

The Lifecycle of a Stateful Session Bean .................................................................................. 454

The Lifecycle of a Stateless Session Bean ................................................................................. 455

The Lifecycle of a Singleton Session Bean ............................................................................... 455

The Lifecycle of a Message-Driven Bean ................................................................................. 456

Further Information about Enterprise Beans ................................................................................ 457

23 Getting Started with Enterprise Beans .......................................................................................... 459

Creating the Enterprise Bean ........................................................................................................... 459

Coding the Enterprise Bean Class ............................................................................................ 460

Creating the converter Web Client ........................................................................................ 460

Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the converter Example ............................ 461

Modifying the Java EE Application ................................................................................................. 462

▼ To Modify a Class File ................................................................................................................ 462

24 Running the Enterprise Bean Examples ........................................................................................ 465

The cart Example ............................................................................................................................. 465

The Business Interface ............................................................................................................... 466

Session Bean Class ..................................................................................................................... 467

The @Remove Method ................................................................................................................. 470

Helper Classes ............................................................................................................................. 470

Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the cart Example ...................................... 470

A Singleton Session Bean Example: counter ................................................................................. 472

Creating a Singleton Session Bean ........................................................................................... 472

Contents

The Java EE 6 Tutorial • July 201216

The Architecture of the counter Example .............................................................................. 476

Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the counter Example ................................ 479

A Web Service Example: helloservice ......................................................................................... 480

The Web Service Endpoint Implementation Class ................................................................ 480

Stateless Session Bean Implementation Class ........................................................................ 481

Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Testing the helloservice Example ........................ 481

Using the Timer Service .................................................................................................................... 483

Creating Calendar-Based Timer Expressions ........................................................................ 483

Programmatic Timers ............................................................................................................... 486

Automatic Timers ...................................................................................................................... 487

Canceling and Saving Timers ................................................................................................... 488

Getting Timer Information ...................................................................................................... 489

Transactions and Timers .......................................................................................................... 489

The timersession Example ..................................................................................................... 489

Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the timersession Example ...................... 492

Handling Exceptions ......................................................................................................................... 493

25 A Message-Driven Bean Example ...................................................................................................495

simplemessage Example Application Overview ........................................................................... 495

The simplemessage Application Client ......................................................................................... 496

The Message-Driven Bean Class ..................................................................................................... 497

The onMessage Method ............................................................................................................. 498

Packaging, Deploying, and Running the simplemessage Example ............................................ 499

Administered Objects for the simplemessage Example ....................................................... 499

▼ To Build, Deploy, and Run the simplemessage Application Using NetBeans IDE ........... 500

▼ To Build, Deploy, and Run the simplemessage Application Using Ant ............................. 500

Removing the Administered Objects for the simplemessage Example .............................. 501

26 Using the Embedded Enterprise Bean Container ........................................................................ 503

Overview of the Embedded Enterprise Bean Container ............................................................... 503

Developing Embeddable Enterprise Bean Applications ............................................................... 503

Running Embedded Applications ............................................................................................ 504

Creating the Enterprise Bean Container ................................................................................. 504

Looking Up Session Bean References ...................................................................................... 506

Shutting Down the Enterprise Bean Container ..................................................................... 506

Contents

The standalone Example Application ........................................................................................... 506

▼ Running the standalone Example Application ..................................................................... 507

27 Using Asynchronous Method Invocation in Session Beans ....................................................... 509

Asynchronous Method Invocation ................................................................................................. 509

Creating an Asynchronous Business Method ......................................................................... 510

Calling Asynchronous Methods from Enterprise Bean Clients ........................................... 511

The async Example Application ...................................................................................................... 512

Architecture of the async Example Application .................................................................... 512

▼ Conguring the Keystore and Truststore in GlassFish Server ............................................. 513

▼ Running the async Example Application in NetBeans IDE ................................................. 514

▼ Running the async Example Application Using Ant ............................................................ 515

Part V Contexts and Dependency Injection for the Java EE Platform ...................................................517

28 Introduction to Contexts and Dependency Injection for the Java EE Platform .......................519

Overview of CDI ................................................................................................................................ 520

About Beans ....................................................................................................................................... 521

About CDI Managed Beans .............................................................................................................. 521

Beans as Injectable Objects ............................................................................................................... 522

Using Qualiers ................................................................................................................................. 523

Injecting Beans ................................................................................................................................... 524

Using Scopes ...................................................................................................................................... 524

Overriding the Scope of a Bean at the Point of Injection .............................................................. 526

Giving Beans EL Names .................................................................................................................... 526

Adding Setter and Getter Methods .................................................................................................. 527

Using a Managed Bean in a Facelets Page ....................................................................................... 528

Injecting Objects by Using Producer Methods .............................................................................. 528

Conguring a CDI Application ....................................................................................................... 529

Using the @PostConstruct and @PreDestroy Annotations With CDI Managed Bean

Classes ................................................................................................................................................. 529

▼ To Initialize a Managed Bean Using the @PostConstruct Annotation .............................. 529

▼ To Prepare for the Destruction of a Managed Bean Using the @PreDestroy Annotation 530

Further Information about CDI ...................................................................................................... 530

Contents

The Java EE 6 Tutorial • July 201218

29 Running the Basic Contexts and Dependency Injection Examples .......................................... 531

The simplegreeting CDI Example ................................................................................................ 531

The simplegreeting Source Files ........................................................................................... 532

The Facelets Template and Page ............................................................................................... 532

Conguration Files .................................................................................................................... 533

Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the simplegreeting CDI Example ......... 534

The guessnumber CDI Example ...................................................................................................... 535

The guessnumber Source Files ................................................................................................. 536

The Facelets Page ....................................................................................................................... 540

Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the guessnumber CDI Example ............... 541

30 Contexts and Dependency Injection for the Java EE Platform: AdvancedTopics ...................543

Using Alternatives in CDI Applications ......................................................................................... 543

Using Specialization .................................................................................................................. 544

Using Producer Methods, Producer Fields, and Disposer Methods in CDI Applications ....... 545

Using Producer Methods .......................................................................................................... 546

Using Producer Fields to Generate Resources ........................................................................ 547

Using a Disposer Method .......................................................................................................... 547

Using Predened Beans in CDI Applications ................................................................................ 548

Using Events in CDI Applications ................................................................................................... 549

Dening Events .......................................................................................................................... 549

Using Observer Methods to Handle Events ............................................................................ 549

Firing Events ............................................................................................................................... 550

Using Interceptors in CDI Applications ......................................................................................... 551

Using Decorators in CDI Applications ........................................................................................... 553

Using Stereotypes in CDI Applications .......................................................................................... 554

31 Running the Advanced Contexts and Dependency Injection Examples ................................. 557

The encoder Example: Using Alternatives .................................................................................... 557

The Coder Interface and Implementations ............................................................................. 558

The encoder Facelets Page and Managed Bean ...................................................................... 558

Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the encoder Example ................................ 560

The producermethods Example: Using a Producer Method To Choose a Bean

Implementation ................................................................................................................................. 562

Components of the producermethods Example .................................................................... 563

Contents

Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the producermethods Example ............... 564

The producerfields Example: Using Producer Fields to Generate Resources ........................ 565

The Producer Field for the producerfields Example .......................................................... 566

The producerfields Entity and Session Bean ...................................................................... 567

The producerfields Facelets Pages and Managed Bean ..................................................... 568

Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the producerfields Example ................. 570

The billpayment Example: Using Events and Interceptors ........................................................ 572

The PaymentEvent Event Class ................................................................................................ 572

The PaymentHandler Event Listener ....................................................................................... 572

The billpayment Facelets Pages and Managed Bean ............................................................ 573

The LoggedInterceptor Interceptor Class ............................................................................ 575

Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the billpayment Example ........................ 576

The decorators Example: Decorating a Bean ............................................................................... 578

Components of the decorators Example .............................................................................. 578

Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the decorators Example .......................... 579

Part VI Persistence ..........................................................................................................................................581

32 Introduction to the Java Persistence API ...................................................................................... 583

Entities ................................................................................................................................................ 583

Requirements for Entity Classes .............................................................................................. 584

Persistent Fields and Properties in Entity Classes .................................................................. 584

Primary Keys in Entities ............................................................................................................ 589

Multiplicity in Entity Relationships ......................................................................................... 591

Direction in Entity Relationships ............................................................................................. 591

Embeddable Classes in Entities ................................................................................................ 594

Entity Inheritance .............................................................................................................................. 595

Abstract Entities ......................................................................................................................... 595

Mapped Superclasses ................................................................................................................. 595

Non-Entity Superclasses ........................................................................................................... 596

Entity Inheritance Mapping Strategies .................................................................................... 596

Managing Entities .............................................................................................................................. 599

The EntityManager Interface .................................................................................................. 599

Persistence Units ........................................................................................................................ 603

Querying Entities ............................................................................................................................... 604

Contents

The Java EE 6 Tutorial • July 201220

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