Linux与Windows共存指南：整合与配置详解

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"Linux + Windows HOWTO" 是一份专注于指导用户在单一主机上同时利用Linux和Windows系统功能的教程。这份文档由Dr. Robert J. Meier编写，版本为v0.1.0，发布日期为1999年11月4日。该指南的目标受众是对双系统配置感兴趣的个人或专业用户，他们希望通过共享硬件资源来运行两种操作系统。 "Linux + Windows HOWTO" 的内容分为几个关键部分： 1. 概述：首先介绍了教程的目的和背景，帮助读者理解为什么要将Linux和Windows结合在同一台电脑上，以及可能的优势和挑战。 2. 概念：这部分阐述了基本概念，如系统架构、文件系统类型（如Linux的ext2、ext3或Windows的NTFS）、以及如何处理不同的分区和引导管理器。 3. 步骤与流程：包括实际操作步骤，如备份数据、创建或修改分区表、格式化硬盘、加载启动管理器（如GRUB或 LILO），以及如何在两个系统间进行切换和挂载。 4. 参考：提供了相关的工具列表，如备份工具（如tar、rsync）、磁盘管理工具（fdisk、parted）、以及特定于Windows和Linux的格式化工具。 5. 实际经验分享：部分章节提供了用户在实际操作过程中遇到的问题及解决方法，如如何在预装Windows 98的新计算机上添加Linux，以及硬件兼容性、BIOS设置、软件配置等。 6. 附录：包含常见问题解答、注意事项（Caveats）、技巧和窍门，以及术语解释（如Bios、Boot Manager等）。 7. 版权与文档来源：最后是版权信息和文档的引用资源。这份指南是一份详尽的资源，不仅适合希望安装双系统的初级用户，也对有一定技术基础的高级用户具有参考价值，它强调了兼容性和安全性的考虑，并提供了一系列实用的操作步骤来帮助读者顺利实现Windows和Linux的整合。

Procedure

Reference

Backup your software and data

Compile a catalog of hardware component models and software versions.

Attach new disks.

Compact the existing software and data.

Repartition the disk..

Format the new partitions.

Load the new operating systems.

Install the boot manager (uc).

Cross mount the devices.

Table of Contents

Backup

Installing linux on Nancy system will involve repartitioning. Any time you repartition a hard disk

you run a significant risk of losing data on the disk. More precisely repartitioning does not actually cause

data loss, but does tend to discover data that was lost piror.

Tom warned Nancy that she should backup everything before starting. Familiar with pluming repair,

Tom knew that whey you shut off the water for 10min to replace a dripping faucet, you often find that the

pipes in the floor were rusted and leaking. Nancy knew nothiing of plumbing, but she had a good book

collection and had moved several times. She knew that bookshelves often break when you move them.

Since Lisa is buying a new computer, she has nothing yet to backup. When Oscar asked for the backups of

the crashed computer he was met with the usual blank expressions. His job is essentially ot make a backup

of the otherwise lost data.

This version of this HOWTO does not detail how to backup. If you wish to see more information on

backing up or if you wish to provide information please contact the maintainer.

Table of Contents

Procedure 5

Catalog

During installation, the size of disks, and other accurate specifications will be necessary. Entry of slightly

wrong values will result in subtle problems that may not show up immediately but will often be chronic,

frustratingly difficult to diagnose, and maybe impossible to fix.

Windows and your linux distribution may not support the same hardware. You should see the Hardware

Compatibility HOWTO for a list of what is known to be compatible or incompatible.

In general Windows is the more restrictive with exception of WinModems/WinPrinters/.... Any hardware

supported by Windows will usually be supported by linux, though not necessarily included in your

distribution. Much hardware, especially the old and the cutting edge, may be supported by linux but not by

Windows. If not included in your distribution, you can usually download linux drivers and or modules from

the Internet.

Winmodems, Winprinters, Winscanners, etc. are not supportable under linux. These devices are actually

firmware that depend on proprietary Windows software. In the United States it is illegal to sell a linux

distribution that supports these devices.

Lisa has dealt with software long enough to know the value of specifications. Even before purchasing

a computer, Lisa has already created a log. For each computer being considered from each prospective

vendor, Lisa has a list of each component, its model and capabilities.

Tom knows that one of the least expensive means to support reliability in any complex system

(computer, airplane, car, etc.) is by keeping accurate maintenance records. Many (if not most) of the

compatiblity problems reported by Tom's students would be prevented if accurate records were kept and

consulted.

Tom usually recommends avoiding WinModems, etc. because their performance limitations are too severe

for most people..

Oscar's company keeps records on the hardware components of each computer. Before trying to fix

any problem, Oscar examines the log and often finds that intractible problems becomre easily solved when

you know the model details.

Table of Contents

Attach

One of the useful features of linux is the wide range of diagnostic and repair tools that it supports. The easy

ability to write scripts also makes it easy to write worms and do other recovery operations.

Oscar has easy access to a spare hard drive. He checked the Hardware Compatibility HOWTO to

select a hard drive model.

Oscar grounds himself with a wrist strap to avoid accidental electrostatic damage.•

Linux + Windows HOWTO

Catalog 6

He opens the case according to the service manual.•

He slides the disk into the secondary drive slot and attaches an IDE cable.•

Oscar closes the case and ungrounds himself.•

This version of this HOWTO does not detail how to attach new drives. If you wish to see more information

on attaching or if you wish to provide information please contact the maintainer.

Table of Contents

Compact

Most new computers preloaded with Windows are delivered with a single FAT32 partition that occupies the

entire disk. Before loading

a second operating system on a shared disk, it must be split into at least two partitions, since Windows and

some linux distributions will not tolerate another operating system on the same partition.

Software is normally stored distributed across the disk partition. Before splitting a partition, all the

data must be moved to the start of the partition, so that when the partition is split, the old software and data

won't be lost. Tom warns Lisa, Nancy, and especially Oscar that compacting is not reversible. If the

partition is error−free, no active files will be lost, but disconnected (deleted) files may be lost. If the

partition has errors, tools exist that can often (but not always) recover disconnected files before compaction.

After compacting , the disconnected files are probably unrecoverable.

The fips included in tomsrtbt−1.6.335 is 0.9e and Tom has used it directly with Windows 95. Windows98

requires fips−2.0 or later which (at press time) was not included in the archived tomsrtbt distributions.

Nancy is unafamiliar with open source code and the Internet, so Tom offers to create her fips disk.

Download fips−2.0 and expand in the directory $FIPSROOT1.

(This may require privelege depending on Tom's linux configuration)

(The address will probably change by the time you read this.)

bash> FIPSROOT=/opt/packages/fips−2.0

bash> mkdir −p $FIPSROOT/original

bash> cd $FIPSROOT/original

bash> wget 'ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/Linux/sunsite.unc.edu/system/installl/fips−2.0.zip'

bash> cd $PIPSROOT

bash> unzip −d oritinal/fips−2.0.zip

Insert and mount the startup disk from Nancy.2.

(This may require priveleges depending on Tom's linux configuration)

bash> mkdir −p /floppy

bash> mount −t vfat /dev/fd0 /floppy

Follow the instructions for fips. At press time, this means copy 3 files to the startup disk.3.

bash> cp restorrb.exe fips.exe errors.txt /floppy

Unmoun the floppy and return it to Nancy.4.

bash> umount /floppy Nancy's new machine was delivered preloaded with Windows 98 on a single

Linux + Windows HOWTO

Compact 7

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