Nicholas C. Zakas讲解面向对象JavaScript原理

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《面向对象JavaScript原理》是JavaScript编程领域的权威大师尼古拉斯·C·扎卡斯（Nicholas C. Zakas）的最新力作。该书以其深入浅出的方式探讨了JavaScript中的面向对象编程（OOP）原则，为开发者提供了一套系统的学习和实践指南。尼古拉斯·扎卡斯以其在JavaScript领域的广泛经验和深厚理论基础，将复杂的技术内容分解成易于理解的原则，帮助读者更好地理解和应用OOP思想于实际项目中。本书的全名是"The Principles of Object-Oriented JavaScript"，它主要集中在JavaScript语言的面向对象特性上，适合那些希望提升编程技巧、理解和解决复杂问题的JavaScript开发者。书中涵盖了OOP的核心概念，如封装、继承、多态等，并通过实际案例和示例来展示如何在JavaScript中实现这些原则。此外，作者还讨论了在JavaScript环境中设计和构建可维护、可扩展的模块化代码的重要性。《The Principles of Object-Oriented JavaScript》不仅是一本技术手册，也是一本启发性的著作，它强调了编写高质量代码的最佳实践，以及如何在JavaScript的世界中遵循OOP原则以提高代码的复用性和可读性。作者对于JavaScript语言的深入理解使得本书具有很高的实用价值，无论是对于初学者还是经验丰富的开发者，都能从中受益匪浅。值得注意的是，版权信息表明这本书享有严格的版权保护，未经版权所有者和出版商事先书面许可，不得任何形式复制或传输。本书是在美国印刷，首次出版日期以及一系列国际标准书号(ISBN)都被明确列出，体现了出版社对内容质量和传播的严谨态度。《The Principles of Object-Oriented JavaScript》是一本不可多得的JavaScript面向对象编程指南，无论是为了提升专业技能，还是寻求在JavaScript项目中采用OOP的最佳实践，这本书都是值得深入学习和珍藏的资源。

acknowledgmenTs

I’d like to thank Kate Matsudaira for convincing me that self-publishing

an ebook was the best way to get this information out. Without her advice,

I’d probably still be trying to ﬁgure out what I should do with the infor-

mation contained in this book.

Thanks to Rob Friesel for once again providing excellent feedback on

an early copy of this book, and Cody Lindley for his suggestions. Additional

thanks to Angus Croll for his technical review of the ﬁnished version—

his nitpicking made this book much better.

Thanks as well to Bill Pollock, whom I met at a conference and who

started the ball rolling on publishing this book.

xviii Introduction

Aggregation One object can reference another object.

Inheritance A newly created object has the same characteristics

as another object without explicitly duplicating its functionality.

Polymorphism One interface may be implemented by multiple

objects.

JavaScript has all these characteristics, though because the language

has no concept of classes, some aren’t implemented in quite the way you

might expect. At ﬁrst glance, a JavaScript program might even look like

a procedural program you would write in C. If you can write a function

and pass it some variables, you have a working script that seemingly has

no objects. A closer look at the language, however, reveals the existence

of objects through the use of dot notation.

Many object-oriented languages use dot notation to access properties

and methods on objects, and JavaScript is syntactically the same. But in

JavaScript, you never need to write a class deﬁnition, import a package,

or include a header ﬁle. You just start coding with the data types that you

want, and you can group those together in any number of ways. You could

certainly write JavaScript in a procedural way, but its true power emerges

when you take advantage of its object-oriented nature. That’s what this

book is about.

Make no mistake: A lot of the concepts you may have learned in

more traditional object-oriented programming languages don’t neces-

sarily apply to JavaScript. While that often confuses beginners, as you

read, you’ll quickly ﬁnd that JavaScript’s weakly typed nature allows

you to write less code to accomplish the same tasks as other languages.

You can just start coding without planning the classes that you need

ahead of time. Need an object with speciﬁc ﬁelds? Just create an ad hoc

object wherever you want. Did you forget to add a method to that object?

No problem—just add it later.

Inside these pages, you’ll learn the unique way that JavaScript

approaches object-oriented programming. Leave behind the notions

of classes and class-based inheritance and learn about prototype-based

inheritance and constructor functions that behave similarly. You’ll learn

how to create objects, deﬁne your own types, use inheritance, and other-

wise manipulate objects to get the most out of them. In short, you’ll learn

everything you need to know to understand and write JavaScript profes-

sionally. Enjoy!

Who This Book Is For

This book is intended as a guide for those who already understand object-

oriented programming but want to know exactly how the concept works in

JavaScript. Familiarity with Java, C#, or object-oriented programming in

Introduction xix

other languages is a strong indicator that this book is for you. In particu-

lar, this book is aimed at three groups of readers:

• Developers who are familiar with object-oriented programming con-

cepts and want to apply them to JavaScript

• Web application and Node.js developers trying to structure their code

more effectively

• Novice JavaScript developers trying to gain a deeper understanding

of the language

This book is not for beginners who have never written JavaScript. You

will need a good understanding of how to write and execute JavaScript

code to follow along.

Overview

Chapter 1: Primitive and Reference Types introduces the two different

value types in JavaScript: primitive and reference. You’ll learn what distin-

guishes them from each other and how understanding their differences

is important to an overall understanding of JavaScript.

Chapter 2: Functions explains the ins and outs of functions in

JavaScript. First-class functions are what makes JavaScript such an inter-

esting language.

Chapter 3: Understanding Objects details the makeup of objects in

JavaScript. JavaScript objects behave differently than objects in other lan-

guages, so a deep understanding of how objects work is vital to mastering

the language.

Chapter 4: Constructors and Prototypes expands on the previous

discussion of functions by looking more speciﬁcally at constructors. All

constructors are functions, but they are used a little bit differently. This

chapter explores the differences while also talking about creating your

own custom types.

Chapter 5: Inheritance explains how inheritance is accomplished

in JavaScript. Though there are no classes in JavaScript, that doesn’t

mean inheritance isn’t possible. In this chapter, you’ll learn about proto-

typal inheritance and how it differs from class-based inheritance.

Chapter 6: Object Patterns walks through common object pat-

terns. There are many different ways to build and compose objects in

JavaScript, and this chapter introduces you to the most popular patterns

for doing so.

Help and Support

If you have questions, comments, or other feedback about this book,

please visit the mailing list at http://groups.google.com/group/zakasbooks.

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