深入解析：Netty实战

Netty

Action

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"Socket Development: Netty In Action" 是一本由Norman Maurer和Marvin Allen Wolfthal合作编著，Trustin Lee作序的书籍，由Manning出版社出版。该书专注于介绍Netty这一高性能的Java网络应用框架。 Netty是一个开源的、异步事件驱动的网络应用程序框架，用于快速开发可维护的高性能协议服务器和客户端。它极大地简化了Socket编程，尤其在处理高并发、低延迟的网络应用时，Netty表现出色。本书"Netty in Action"深入探讨了以下关键知识点： 1. **基础概念**：首先，书中会介绍网络通信的基本概念，包括TCP/IP协议、套接字（Socket）以及异步事件驱动模型。读者将了解这些基础知识是如何支撑Netty工作的。 2. **Netty架构**：详细解析Netty的架构设计，如Boss-Worker线程模型、Channel、Pipeline和Handler等核心组件，帮助开发者理解如何构建可扩展且高效的网络应用。 3. **协议支持**：Netty支持多种网络协议，如HTTP、FTP、SMTP等，书中会讲解如何使用Netty实现这些常见协议，以及自定义协议的实现方法。 4. **性能优化**：涵盖Netty在内存管理、零拷贝（Zero-Copy）、线程池等方面的优化策略，以提高系统的吞吐量和响应速度。 5. **错误处理与日志**：讨论Netty中的异常处理机制和日志系统，帮助开发者构建健壮的应用。 6. **实战案例**：通过实际示例，如聊天服务器、文件传输服务等，演示如何使用Netty构建完整的网络应用，让理论知识落地。 7. **最佳实践**：分享Netty开发过程中的最佳实践，提供有效的调试技巧和性能监控方法。 8. **进阶主题**：涵盖Netty的高级特性，如WebSocket、SSL/TLS加密、流式API等，使开发者能够应对更复杂的网络场景。 "Netty in Action"是一本全面而深入的Netty指南，无论你是Java网络编程的新手还是有经验的开发者，都能从中获益，提升网络应用的开发效率和质量。

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preface

Looking back, I still can’t believe that I did it.

When I started to contribute to Netty in late 2011, I would never have imagined

that I’d be writing a book about Netty and be one of the core developers of the Frame-

work itself.

It all started when I got involved in 2009 with the Apache James project, a Java-

based mail server developed under the Apache Software Foundation.

Apache James, like many applications, required a solid networking abstraction to

build upon. While investigating the field of projects that provide networking abstrac-

tions, I stumbled upon Netty and immediately fell in love with it. As I became more

familiar with Netty from a user’s perspective, I started to turn my gaze on improve-

ments and giving back to the community.

Despite my first contributions being of limited scope, it became obvious very

quickly how beneficial making contributions and the related discussions with the com-

munity, especially with Trustin Lee, the founder of the project, were to my personal

growth. This experience grabbed hold of me, and I enjoyed spending my free time

becoming more engaged in the community. I found myself helping on mailing lists

and joining discussions on the

IRC

channel. Working on Netty began as a hobby but it

quickly evolved into a passion.

My passion for Netty eventually led to my employment at Red Hat. This was a

dream come true, as Red Hat paid me to work on the project I had come to love. I

eventually came to know Claus Ibsen who was working on Apache Camel at the time

(and still does). Claus and I came to the realization that Netty had a solid user base

Licensed to Thomas Snead <n.ordickan@gmail.com>

www.it-ebooks.info

PREFACE

xvi

and good JavaDocs, but it lacked a higher level of documentation. Claus is the author

of Camel in Action (Manning Publications, 2010), and he turned me on to the idea of

writing a similar book for Netty. I thought about the idea for a few weeks, and eventu-

ally I was sold. This is how Netty in Action got off the ground.

While writing Netty in Action, my involvement in the community continued to grow.

I eventually became the second most active contributor (after Trustin Lee) with over

1,000 commits. I found myself speaking about Netty at conferences and technical

meetups around the world. Eventually Netty opened another employment opportu-

nity at Apple Inc. where I am currently employed as a Senior Software Engineer on

the Cloud Infrastructure Engineering Team. I continue to work on Netty and make

regular contributions back to the community, while helping to drive the project.

ORMAN

AURER

LOUD

NFRASTRUCTURE

NGINEERING

, A

PPLE

My work as a Dell Services consultant at Harvard Pilgrim Health Care in Wellesley,

has focused primarily on creating reusable infrastructure components. Our goal is to

expand the common code base in a way that not only benefits the software process in

general, but also relieves application developers of responsibility for plumbing code

that can be both pesky and mundane.

At one point it came to my attention that two related projects were working with

a third-party claims-processing system that supported only direct

TCP/IP

communi-

cations. One of the projects needed to reimplement in Java a somewhat under-

documented legacy

COBOL

module built on the vendor’s proprietary delimited format.

This module was ultimately replaced by the other project, which would use a more

recent

XML

-based interface to the same claims system (but still using straight sockets,

SOAP

!).

This seemed to me an ideal opportunity to develop a common

API

, and an interest-

ing one at that. I knew there would be stringent throughput and availability require-

ments and also that the design was still evolving. Clearly, the underlying networking

code had to be completely decoupled from the business logic in order to support

rapid cycles of iteration.

My research into high-performance networking frameworks for Java led me

straight to Netty. (The hypothetical project you’ll read about at the start of chapter 1

is pretty much taken from real life.) I soon became convinced that Netty’s approach,

using dynamically configurable encoders and decoders, was a perfect fit for our

needs: both projects would employ the same

API

, deployed with the handlers needed

for the specific data format in use. I became even more convinced when I discovered

that the vendor’s product was also based on Netty!

Just at that time I learned that the book Netty in Action I had been hoping for was

actually in the works. I read the early drafts and soon contacted Norman with ques-

tions and a few suggestions. In the course of our conversations, we spoke often about

Licensed to Thomas Snead <n.ordickan@gmail.com>

www.it-ebooks.info

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

xix

Norman Maurer

I’d like to thank my former coworker and friend Jürgen Hoffmann (aka Buddy).

Jürgen helped me find my way into the OpenSource world and showed me what cool

stuff can be built when you are brave enough to jump in. Without him there is a

chance I would have never started programming and thus never found my true profes-

sional passion.

Another big thank you goes out to my friend Trustin Lee, founder of Netty, who

helped and encouraged me to contribute to the Netty Project in the first place and

who penned the foreword to our book. I’m honored to know you and to be able to

call you a friend! I’m confident that by continuing to work together, Netty will stay

awesome and be around for a long time!

Also I want to thank my coauthor Marvin Wolfthal. Despite Marvin joining the

project late in its lifecycle, he helped to improve the overall structure and content by a

considerable amount. Without him, the book would not have been possible in its cur-

rent form. Which brings me to the Manning team itself, who were always helpful and

gave the right guidance to make the idea of writing a book reality.

Thanks to my parents, Peter and Christa, for always supporting my visions and me.

Most importantly, thanks to my wife Jasmina and my kids Mia Soleil and Ben, for

all the support they showed during the process of writing this book. Without you this

book would not have been possible.

Marvin Wolfthal

First of all, I want to thank Norman Maurer, my coauthor, for both his fine work and

his kindness. Though I came late to the project, I was made to feel as if I had been

part of it from day one.

To my colleagues past and present at Dell Services and Harvard Pilgrim Health

Care, I offer sincere thanks for their help and encouragement. They have created that

rare environment where new ideas are not only expressed, but realized. To Deborah

Norton, Larry Rapisarda, Dave Querusio, Vijay Bhatt, Craig Bogovich, and Sharath

Krishna, special thanks for their support, and even more, their trust—I doubt many

software developers have been granted the creative opportunities I have enjoyed in

the past four years, including adding Netty to our toolkit.

But most of all, thanks to my beloved wife, Katherine, who never lets me forget the

things that really matter.

Licensed to Thomas Snead <n.ordickan@gmail.com>

www.it-ebooks.info

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