O'Reilly XQuery：学习XQuery和XML技术的必备资源

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O'Reilly XQuery O'Reilly XQuery 是一本关于 XQuery 语言的自学教程，旨在帮助读者学习和掌握 XQuery 语言，以便更好地解析和处理 XML 文件。 **XQuery 语言简介** XQuery 是一种基于 XML 的查询语言，用于检索和处理 XML 数据。它提供了一种简洁、灵活和高效的方式来处理 XML 数据，使得开发者可以轻松地检索和处理大量的 XML 数据。 **XQuery 的应用场景** XQuery 广泛应用于各种领域，如数据integration、数据挖掘、数据分析等。它可以用于检索和处理大规模的 XML 数据，例如在数据仓库、数据挖掘、商业智能等领域。 **O'Reilly XQuery 的特点** O'Reilly XQuery 是一本自学教程，旨在帮助读者学习和掌握 XQuery 语言。该书籍提供了一系列的实践例子和练习题，帮助读者快速掌握 XQuery 语言的基础知识和高级技术。 **XML 和 XQuery 的关系** XML（Extensible Markup Language）是一种标记语言，用于描述和存储数据。XQuery 是一种基于 XML 的查询语言，用于检索和处理 XML 数据。两者的结合提供了一种强大和灵活的方式来处理和分析 XML 数据。 **O'Reilly 的其他相关资源** O'Reilly 提供了一系列相关的资源和书籍，例如 XSLT、Learning XSLT、XSLTCookbook™、XML in a Nutshell、Learning XML、Developing Feeds with RSS and Atom、Java™ and XML、XSLT 1.0 Pocket Reference、XML Hacks™ 等。这些资源可以帮助读者更好地理解和掌握 XML 和 XQuery 语言。 **O'Reilly 的在线资源** O'Reilly 还提供了一些在线资源，例如 xml.oreilly.com 和 conferences.oreilly.com。这些资源提供了大量的 XML 和 XQuery 相关的信息和资源，例如书籍、文章、代码示例等。 **Safari Bookshelf** Safari Bookshelf 是 O'Reilly 的在线参考库，为程序员和 IT 专业人士提供了一个庞大的在线图书馆。用户可以在这里搜索和浏览超过 1,000 本书籍，并快速找到答案。 O'Reilly XQuery 是一本非常实用的自学教程，旨在帮助读者学习和掌握 XQuery 语言。同时，O'Reilly 还提供了一系列相关的资源和书籍，帮助读者更好地理解和掌握 XML 和 XQuery 语言。

Preface

Ron Bourret, Bob DuCharme, Tim Finney, Ashok Malhotra, Darin McBeath, Peter

Meggitt, Shannon Shiflett, and Bruno J. Walmsley (my father) provided extremely

helpful comments on, and assistance with, this book.

This project would not have been possible without Simon St.Laurent, who provided

editorial guidance and championed the book within O’Reilly. Thanks, Simon!

Finally, I would like to thank Doug, my partner, my love, for his constant support

and encouragement during the busy years I have spent writing this book.

Chapter 1: Introduction to XQuery

• Searching for information within a document or set of documents

• Joining data from multiple documents or collections of documents

• Sorting, grouping, and aggregating data

• Transforming and restructuring XML data into another XML vocabulary or

structure

• Performing arithmetic calculations on numbers and dates

• Manipulating strings to reformat text

As you can see, XQuery can be used not just to extract sections of XML documents,

but also to manipulate and transform the results. One capability that XQuery 1.0

does not provide is updates, which would be particularly useful in the case of XML

data stored in databases. This is under development for a future version of XQuery.

Uses for XQuery

There are as many reasons to query XML as there are reasons to use XML. Some

examples of common uses for the XQuery language are:

• Extracting information from a relational database for use in a web service

• Generating reports on data stored in a database for presentation on the Web as

XHTML

• Searching textual documents in a native XML database and presenting the

results

• Pulling data from databases or packaged software and transforming it for appli-

cation integration

• Combining content from traditionally non-XML sources to implement content

management and delivery

• Ad hoc querying of standalone XML documents for the purposes of testing or

research

Processing Scenarios

XQuery’s sweet spot is querying bodies of XML content that are stored in databases.

For this reason, it is sometimes called the “SQL of XML.” Some of the earliest

XQuery implementations were in native XML database products. The term “native

XML database” generally refers to a database that is designed for XML content from

the ground up, as opposed to a traditionally relational database. Rather than being

oriented around tables and columns, its data model is based on hierarchical docu-

ments and collections of documents.

Native XML databases are most often used for narrative content and other data that is

less predictable than what you would typically store in a relational database. Examples

Easing into XQuery

of native XML database products that support XQuery are Berkeley DB XML, eXist

(which is open source), MarkLogic Server, TigerLogic XDMS, and X-Hive/DB.

These products provide the traditional capabilities of databases, such as data stor-

age, indexing, querying, loading, extracting, backup, and recovery. Most of them

also provide some added value in addition to their database capabilities. For exam-

ple, they might provide advanced full-text searching functionality, document conver-

sion services, or end-user interfaces.

Major relational database products, including Oracle 10g, IBM DB2 9, and Microsoft

SQL Server 2005, also have support for XML and XQuery. Early implementations of

XML in relational databases involved storing XML in table columns as blobs or char-

acter strings and providing query access to those columns. However, these vendors

are increasingly blurring the line between native XML databases and relational data-

bases with new features that allow you to store XML natively.

Other XQuery processors are not embedded in a database product, but work inde-

pendently. They might be used on physical XML documents stored as files on a file

system or on the Web. They might also operate on XML data that is passed in mem-

ory from some other process. The most notable product in this category is Saxon,

which has both open source and commercial versions.

Easing into XQuery

The rest of this chapter takes you through a set of example queries, each of which

builds on the previous one. Three XML documents are used repeatedly as input doc-

uments to the query examples throughout the book. They will be used so frequently

that it may be worth printing them from the companion web site so that you can

view them alongside the examples.

These three examples are quite simplistic, but they are useful for educational pur-

poses because they are easy to learn and remember while looking at query examples.

In reality, most XQuery queries will be executed against much more complex docu-

ments, and often against multiple documents as a group. However, in order to keep

the examples reasonably concise and clear, this book will work with smaller docu-

ments that have a representative mix of XML characteristics.

The

catalog.xml document is a product catalog containing general information

about products (Example 1-1).

Example 1-1. Product catalog input document (catalog.xml)

<name language="en">Fleece Pullover</name>

<colorChoices>navy black</colorChoices>

</product>

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