52 Page 8 of 36 Eur. Phys. J. C (2018) 78 :52
• In the above solutions σ can take two values i.e. σ =±1.
For each values of σ one can write down the final results
in two regions – R and L regions of the hyperboloid (H
3
).
• In the result for Case II, in the limit m
axion
H the
parameter ν is given by ν = 3/2. For this value of ν,the
solutions for Case I and Case II coincide. For this reason
one can treat Case I as a special situation of Case II.
• Similarly in the limit m
axion
=
√
2H we have ν = 1/2.
This is an important class of solution where axion is con-
formally coupled. Using this class of solution one can
get back the flat space limit result of the entanglement
entropy as the metric for de Sitter space is conformally
flat.
• In the case where m
axion
<
√
2H parameter ν lies within
the range 1/2 <ν<3/2 and this is also an impor-
tant class of solution which is commonly known as the
solution in the low mass region.
• Furthermore, in the limit m
axion
= H parameter ν is
given by ν = 5/2 and this is a restrictive class of solution
where axion mass is exactly equal to the Hubble friction.
• For m
axion
H,wehaveν = i
m
2
axion
H
2
−
9
4
≈
im
axion
/H . This is an important class of solution in the
present context corresponding to high mass. Note that,
for
√
2H < m
axion
< 3H/2, the parameter ν is lying
within the window, 0 <ν<1/2.
• For R and L hyperboloid regions, the solutions have sin-
gularities at, ν ≡ ν
1
=−
1
2
−ip and ν ≡ ν
2
=−
1
2
+ip.
This implies that to get non-singular solution the mag-
nitude of the axion mass must satisfy the constraint
!
!
m
axion
H
!
!
=
"
( p
2
+ 4)(p
2
+ 1).
• Additionally it is important to note that the final solution
for the complementary time dependent part is symmetric
under the exchange of the sign of the quantum number p
i.e. χ
(c)
p,σ
(t) = χ
(c)
−p,σ
(t).
• In this context the overall normalisation constant of the
time dependent complementary part of the solution is
fixed by the following Klein–Gordon inner product [90]:
χ
(c)
p,σ
(t), χ
(c)
p,σ
(t)
= N
pσ
δ
σσ
, where N
pσ
is the
overall normalisation constant, which is given by
N
pσ
=
⎧
⎪
⎪
⎨
⎪
⎪
⎩
4
π
[
cosh π p+σ
]
|
(
2+ip
)
|
2
for Case I
4
π
cosh π p−σ cos
ν−
1
2
|
ν+
1
2
+ip
|
2
for Case II.
(3.32)
Furthermore, one can write down the following equation of
motion for the particular integral part of the time dependent
contribution in the total solution:
D
t
χ
( p)
p,σ
(t) = J , (3.33)
where D
t
is the differential operator as given in Eq. (3.28) and
J = μ
3
.ForCase II depending on the time dependence of
the axion effective mass as well as the time dependent axion
decay constant, source function might be time dependent or
constant. But for general consideration we assume that the
source function is time dependent.
The final solution for the time dependent “particular inte-
gral” part is given by
χ
( p)
p,σ
(t) =
dt
G
σ
(t, t
) J (t
), (3.34)
where G
σ
(t, t
) is the Green’s function for axion field, given
by
G
σ
(t, t
) = sinh
2
t
∞
n=0
1
p
2
− p
2
n
χ
(c)
p
n
,σ
(t)χ
(c)
p
n
,σ
(t
).
(3.35)
Here, χ
(c)
p
n
,σ
(t) represents the solution for the complementary
part with a slight modification due to the replacement of p
by p
n
∀ n = 0,...,∞ and is represented by
Case I :
χ
(c)
p
n
,σ
(t) =
⎧
⎨
⎩
1
2sinhπ p
n
(
e
π p
n
+σ
)
(2+ip
n
)
P
ip
n
1
(cosh t
R
) −
(
e
−π p
n
+σ
)
(2−ip
n
)
P
−ip
n
1
(cosh t
R
)
for R
σ
2sinhπ p
n
(
e
π p
n
+σ
)
(2+ip
n
)
P
ip
n
1
(cosh t
L
) −
(
e
−π p
n
+σ
)
(2−ip
n
)
P
−ip
n
1
(cosh t
L
)
for L.
(3.36)
Case II :
χ
(c)
p
n
,σ
(t) =
⎧
⎪
⎪
⎪
⎪
⎨
⎪
⎪
⎪
⎪
⎩
1
2sinhπ p
n
e
π p
n
−iσ e
−iπν
ν+
1
2
+ip
n
P
ip
n
ν−
1
2
(cosh t
R
) −
e
−π p
n
−iσ e
−iπν
ν+
1
2
−ip
n
P
−ip
n
ν−
1
2
(cosh t
R
)
for R
σ
2sinhπ p
n
e
π p
n
−iσ e
−iπν
ν+
1
2
+ip
n
P
ip
n
ν−
1
2
(cosh t
L
) −
e
−π p
n
−iσ e
−iπν
ν+
1
2
−ip
n
P
−ip
ν−
1
2
(cosh t
L
)
for L.
(3.37)
123