Wi-Fi信号强度室内定位算法与Tag4M设备应用

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"基于WiFi的室内定位算法是近年来研究的热点，主要应用于库存管理、资产追踪、仓库中产品位置检测、医院内医护人员、病人或设备的位置确定等场景。该技术利用接收信号强度指示器（RSSI）进行距离测量，通过Tag4M设备构建定位系统。在已知坐标点的WiFi接入点基础上，将距离表示为圆，目标位置由多个圆的交点确定。关键词包括室内定位、RSSI、Tag4M和WiFi。本文首先引出室内定位系统的重要性，这些系统能够自动检测物体位置，广泛应用于各种实际场景。传统的GPS系统在室内环境下往往受限，因此基于WiFi的室内定位技术应运而生，它利用无线信号传播特性来确定目标的位置。接收到的信号强度指示器（RSSI）是WiFi室内定位的关键参数。RSSI是指设备接收到无线信号的强度，它与信号传播的距离有关。通过测量多个接入点到目标的距离，可以构建一个多边形或圆的几何模型。在已知每个接入点位置的情况下，目标的位置就是这些圆的交点。这种方法称为多径RSSI定位，它考虑了信号在室内环境中的反射和衰减。 Tag4M设备在此系统中扮演重要角色，它是一种可以发送和接收WiFi信号的装置，用于获取RSSI数据。通过收集不同接入点的RSSI值，可以计算出与各个接入点的距离，进一步推算出目标的精确位置。室内定位算法的实现通常涉及以下几个步骤： 1. 数据采集：Tag4M设备持续接收周围WiFi接入点的信号，并记录RSSI值。 2. 预处理：去除异常值，处理信号波动，确保数据质量。 3. 距离估算：根据RSSI与距离的关系模型（如对数距离路径损耗模型）计算与每个接入点的距离。 4. 位置解算：采用几何方法（如三边测量或多边形交汇）确定目标位置。 5. 精度优化：可能包括卡尔曼滤波、最小二乘法或其他高级算法，以提高定位精度。尽管基于WiFi的室内定位系统已经取得了一定的成果，但仍存在挑战，如信号干扰、多径效应导致的误差以及动态环境下的定位漂移。未来的研究可能会集中在提高定位精度、减少对硬件的依赖以及优化算法以适应不断变化的环境。基于WiFi的室内定位算法通过结合RSSI和几何原理，为室内环境提供了有效的定位解决方案。随着技术的不断发展，我们可以期待更高效、更精准的室内定位服务在未来的广泛应用。"

19th Telecommunications forum TELFOR 2011 Serbia, Belgrade, November 22-24, 2011.

 

Abstract — Recently, a lot of localization systems have

been studied. These systems are successfully used in many

real-world applications as inventory management, asset

tracking, location detection of products stored in a

warehouse, location detection of medical personnel, patients

or equipment in a hospital, and so on. For finding location of

an object, a system using Tag4M devices is proposed in this

paper. The localization is based on distance measurement

using received signal strength indicator. The distances

between the Wi-Fi tag and each access point are represented

as circles having the centre in the access point locations

which have known coordinates. The target’s position is given

by the point at the intersection of the circles.

Keywords — Indoor positioning, RSSI, Tag4M, Wi-Fi.

I. INTRODUCTION

NDOOR

localization systems have been actively

researched in recent years. These systems may detect

the location of an object in an automatically manner. There

are many real-world applications that depend on such

automation, like security issues, airports, universities or

education centers, inventory management, asset tracking,

guidance of tourists in large museums, location detection

of products stored in a warehouse, location detection of

medical personnel, patients or equipment in a hospital,

tracking the movement of firefighters inside burning

buildings, etc.

Localization is defined as the process of determining the

current position of an object or a person within a specific

area. The system which consists of a network of devices,

used to wirelessly locate required objects or people inside

a building are called indoor positioning system (IPS).

The most popular positioning system for finding the

location and the object’s position and for tracking users in

outdoor environments is the Global Positioning System

(GPS). Its worldwide satellite network is used to measure

the distance with a high accuracy. Due to the inability of

the satellite signals to penetrate walls, GPS is not suitable

All the authors have the same scientific contributions to this paper.

A. Dobîrcău is PhD student at the Faculty of Automation and

Computer Science, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania

(phone:0040745367224; e-mail: ancuta.dobircau@aut.utcluj.ro

S. Folea is Associate Professor at the Faculty of Automation and

Computer Science, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Cluj, Romania

(e-mail: silviu.folea@aut.utcluj.ro

D. Bordencea is Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Automation and

Computer Science, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania

(e-mail: daniela.bordencea@aut.utcluj.ro

H. Vălean is Professor at the Faculty of Automation and Computer

Science, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania (e-mail:

honoriu.valean@aut.utcluj.ro

for indoor use.

By comparison with outdoor, indoor environments have

a higher complexity due to various obstacles like walls,

equipment, propagation of electromagnetic waves.

With the progress of the wireless technologies and

because wireless information access is now widely

available, localization techniques based on wireless

networks are effective for accurate positioning in indoor

and outdoor environments. In [1], the process of

determining a location using wireless technologies is

called location sensing, geo-location, position location or

radiolocation.

The most indoor positioning systems use radio,

ultrasound or infrared signals for finding the location with

higher precision where GPS signal cannot be used. Each of

these systems brings advantages and disadvantages. Some

of them are expensive to implement the technology and

have a high cost of production; others have a low cost of

production but they also have the disadvantage of getting

large errors during localization.

The following paragraphs will give a brief overview of

some localization technologies and systems.

II. S

URVEY OF INDOOR POSITIONING SYSTEMS

A solution for designing a wireless positioning system

is to develop a signaling system and a network

infrastructure of devices for measuring the location. This

solution has the advantage of controlling the physical

specification and also the quality of localization results.

Another solution is to use an existing network

infrastructure to locate a target, through which may be

avoided the infrastructure time-consuming deployment.

A positioning system based on infrared (IR) is one of

the most simple and common, due to the availability of IR

technology on various devices. The accuracy of this type

of system which uses infrared is about 5-10 m. Infrared-

based systems are composed of a receiver and a

transmitter that communicate using optical spectrum.

Several advantages of these systems are low cost

implementation and low power consumption and the

disadvantages are sensitivity to sunlight, high costs

installation and maintenance on a large-scale.

Among the first indoor positioning systems based on IR

technology is the Active Badge system [2] developed by

AT&T Cambridge in 1990s. Another system designed by

Cybernet System Corporation is Firefly [3]. This is an IR-

based motion tracking system. OPTOTRAK PROseries [4]

system is designed by Northern Digital Inc. for congested

shops and workplaces. Infrared Indoor Scour Local

Positioning System [5] is an example of an optical IR local

Indoor Localization System Based on Low

Power Wi-Fi Technology

A. Dobîrcău, S. Folea, H. Vălean, D. Bordencea

317

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