Android用户界面开发入门指南

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"这是一本专为安卓开发初学者编写的英文电子书——《Android User Interface Development Beginner's Guide》。本书详细介绍了如何为Android应用程序设计和开发吸引人的用户界面，有助于提升开发者在Android UI方面的技能，同时也可增强英文阅读能力。" 在Android应用开发中，用户界面（UI）设计是至关重要的，因为它直接影响到用户体验。本书涵盖了以下几个关键知识点： 1. **Android UI基础知识**：学习Android的基本布局管理器，如LinearLayout、RelativeLayout和ConstraintLayout，以及如何通过XML布局文件创建用户界面。 2. **控件与事件处理**：了解Button、EditText、TextView等基本控件的使用，以及如何处理用户交互，如点击事件和触摸事件。 3. **图形与动画**：掌握如何使用ImageView显示图片，以及如何利用Canvas和Bitmap进行自定义绘图。此外，还会涉及基本的视图动画和属性动画的实现。 4. **主题与样式**：理解Android的主题和样式系统，学习如何通过styles.xml文件统一应用的视觉风格，以及如何自定义控件的外观。 5. **适配器与列表视图**：学习ListView、RecyclerView等列表组件的使用，以及如何结合Adapter进行数据绑定，实现数据驱动的用户界面。 6. **对话框与通知**：掌握如何创建各种类型的对话框（AlertDialog、ProgressDialog等）以及系统通知，以增强与用户的交互。 7. **触摸与手势识别**：学习如何监听和处理触摸事件，实现手势识别，如滑动、捏合等。 8. **无障碍服务与可访问性**：了解Android的无障碍服务框架，学习如何使应用对残障人士友好。 9. **响应式设计**：理解屏幕密度和尺寸的差异，学习如何使用不同的布局和设计原则实现响应式UI，以适应不同设备。 10. **Material Design指南**：根据Google的Material Design指南，学习如何创建符合现代设计规范的用户界面。通过这本书，读者不仅可以了解到Android用户界面开发的基本技术，还能了解到最佳实践和设计原则，从而提升开发出更具吸引力和用户友好性的Android应用。同时，阅读英文版的书籍还有助于提升专业英语词汇和阅读理解能力，为今后的国际化开发打下基础。

Preface

[ 3 ]

A smaller view on the world

Most Android devices are small, and as a result have smaller screens and generally fewer

pixels than a normal PC or laptop. This lack of size limits the size of the widgets. Widgets

must be big enough to touch safely, but we also need to pack as much informaon onto the

screen as possible. So don't give your users informaon that they don't want, and also avoid

asking them for informaon you don't need.

Classic user interface principals

Here are some core guidelines which every user interface should follow. These guidelines

are what will keep your users happy, and ensure your applicaon is successful. Throughout

the rest of the book, we'll be walking through these guidelines with praccal examples of

improvements that can be made to a user interface.

Consistency

This is the cornerstone of good user interface design. A buon should look like a buon.

Make sure that the layout of each screen has a relaonship with every other screen in your

applicaon. People oen mistake this principle for "sck to the plaorm look and feel". Look

and feel is important, consistency mostly applies to the layout and overall experience of the

applicaon, rather than the color scheme.

Recycling your interface

The easiest way to maintain a consistent user interface, is to recycle as much of it as possible.

At rst glance, this suggeson looks merely like a "good object-oriented" pracce. However,

a closer look will reveal ways to reuse graphical widgets in ways you hadn't thought of. By

changing the visibility of various widgets, or you can reuse an edit screen to view list items

of the intended type.

Simplicity

This is especially important in a phone-based applicaon. Oen, when a user encounters a

new applicaon, it's because they are looking for something. They may not have the me

(or more oen paence) to learn a new user interface. Make sure that your applicaon

asks for as lile as possible, and guides the user to the exact informaon they want in as

few steps as possible.

Preface

[ 4 ]

The Zen approach

Generally, when you are using a mobile device, your me is limited. You may also be using

an applicaon in less-than-ideal circumstances (perhaps, in a train). The lesser informaon

a user needs to give an applicaon, and the lesser they need to absorb from it, the beer.

Stripping away opons and informaon also leads to a shorter learning-curve.

Android's hidden menu

A very useful feature of Android is the hidden menu structure. The menu is only visible

when the user presses the "Menu" buon, which would generally mean, they're looking

for something that isn't currently on the screen. Typically, a user shouldn't need to open a

menu. However, it's a good way of hiding advanced features unl they are needed.

Feedback

Feedback is what makes a touchscreen device excing. When you drag an object, it scks to

your nger across the screen unl you let go of it. When the users puts their nger on your

applicaon, they expect some reacon. However, you don't want to get in their way—instead

of showing an error message when they touch a buon, disable the buon unl it's valid to

use, or don't show it at all.

Location and navigation

When you're in a place you've never been to previously, it's easy to get disoriented, or lost.

The same is true for a piece of soware. Just because the applicaon makes sense to you,

the developer, it doesn't mean it seems logical to your user. Adding transion animaons,

breadcrumbs, and progress gauges help the user to idenfy where in the applicaon they

are, and what's happening.

The road to recovery

A common way to tell users that something is wrong on a desktop applicaon, or on the web

is to open an error dialog. On a mobile device, people want smoother use of an applicaon.

While in a normal applicaon you may inform the user that they selected an invalid opon,

in a mobile applicaon, you generally want to make sure they can't select that opon in the

rst place. Also, don't make them scroll through huge lists of opons. Instead, allow them to

lter through the list using an auto-complete or something similar.

When something goes wrong, be nice, and be helpful—don't tell the user, "I couldn't nd any

ights for your search". Instead tell them, "There were no available ights for your search,

but if you're prepared to leave a day earlier, here is a list of the available ights". Always

make sure your user can take another step forward without having to go "Back" (although

the opon to go backwards should always exist).

Preface

[ 5 ]

The Android way

The Android plaorm is in many ways similar to developing applicaons for the web.

There are many devices, made by many manufactures, with dierent capabilies and

specicaons. Yet as a developer, you will want your users to have the most consistent

experience possible. Unlike a web browser, Android has built-in mechanisms for coping with

these dierences, and even leveraging them.

We'll be looking at Android from the point of view of a user rather than having a purely

development-centric approach. We'll cover topics such as:

 What user interface elements Android provides

 How an Android applicaon is assembled

 Dierent types of Android layouts

 Presenng various types of data to the user

 Customising of exisng Android widgets

 Tricks and tools to keep user interfaces looking great

 Integraon between applicaons

We're about to take a jump into building user interfaces for Android devices—all Android

devices, from the highest speed CPU to the smallest screen.

What this book covers

Chapter 1, Developing a Simple Acvity introduces the basics of building an Android

applicaon, starng with a simple user interface. It also covers the various opons available

to you when implemenng your design as code.

Chapter 2, Views With Adapters shows us how to leverage Adapter-based widgets, Android's

answer to the Model-View-Controller (MVC) structure. Learn about these widgets, and

where they will best serve you.

Chapter 3, Specialized Android Views takes a close look at some of the more specialized

widgets that the Android plaorm provides, and how they relate to the mundane widgets.

This chapter covers widgets such as the gallery and rang-bar, and how they can be used and

styled.

Chapter 4, Acvies and Intents discusses more about how Android runs your applicaon,

and from that point-of-view, how best to write its user interfaces. This chapter takes a look at

how to make sure that your applicaon will behave the way users expect it to, with minimal

eort on your part.

Preface

[ 6 ]

Chapter 5, Non-Linear Layouts takes a look at some of the advanced layout techniques which

Android oers. It talks about the best way to present dierent screens to the user while

taking into account the wide discrepancy in the screens on Android devices.

Chapter 6, Input and Validaon provides ps regarding taking input from a user, and how

to keep this experience as painless as possible. This chapter invesgates the dierent input

widgets Android provides and how to congure them best, depending on the situaon. Also,

when everything else fails, how best to inform your users that what they are doing is wrong.

Chapter 7, Animang Widgets and Layouts will inform the reader as to where, when,

why, and how to animate your Android user interfaces. It also sheds light on what kind of

animaons are provided by default, how to compose them together, and how to build your

own. This chapter looks at the importance of animaons in a mobile user interface and

demonstrates how complex animaons are made easy by Android.

Chapter 8, Content-centric Design details how to go about designing the screen layout, when

presenng the user with informaon on the screen. This chapter looks at the pros and cons

of some of the dierent display techniques which Android oers.

Chapter 9, Styling Android Applicaons shows us how to keep the look of our enre

applicaon consistent, in order to make our applicaon easier to use.

Chapter 10, Building an Applicaon Theme looks at the design process, and how applicaon-

wide themes can be applied to help your applicaon stand out.

What you need for this book

Please have a look at "System Requirements" menoned on the Andriod Developers website

at http://developer.android.com/sdk/requirements.html.

The code for this book was tested on Ubuntu Linux 10.04 and Mac OS X.

Who this book is for

This book is aimed at developers with at least some Java experience who want to build

applicaons on the Android plaorm. It will also be of use to people who have developed

applicaons on the Android plaorm and would like to gain addional knowledge about

its user interface design. It will also be a helpful reference for the numerous widgets and

resource structures that the Android plaorm provides.

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