集成SG-DFB的多波长微环谐振器研究

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"Multiwavelength generation using an add-drop microring resonator integrated with an InGaAsP/InP sampled grating distributed feedback" 这篇论文探讨了一种基于InGaAsP/InP采样光栅分布式反馈（SG-DFB）的加减法微环谐振器系统，该系统通过时域行波（TDTW）方法进行建模和仿真。这种微环谐振器由一个SiO2波导与InGaAsP/InP SG-DFB集成，其中SiO2波导包含一个折射率为3.48，克尔系数为4.5×10^-18 m^2/W的硅核心。采样光栅分布式反馈结构由一系列利用周期性突变函数构建的光栅突发组成，其特征是突发间距为45μm，突发长度为5μm，包含10个突发。多波长生成技术是现代光纤通信系统中的一个重要研究领域，它允许在单个光源中产生多个独立的光波长，从而提高光通信系统的带宽效率和传输容量。微环谐振器因其在光子学中的广泛应用而备受关注，它们能够通过共振效应实现高选择性的光信号处理，如滤波、调制和波长转换。在本研究中，InGaAsP/InP材料用于SG-DFB，这是因为InGaAsP材料具有良好的光电子特性，适合作为激光器或光电探测器的有源层。SG-DFB是一种特殊的光栅结构，通过周期性变化的光栅密度来控制光的反馈，从而实现激光的单纵模运行或特定波长的选择。将SG-DFB集成到微环谐振器中，可以进一步优化波长选择性和输出功率稳定性。采用TDTW方法进行建模和仿真，这是一种计算光波传播的高效方法，尤其适用于研究复杂的光子结构。这种方法可以帮助研究人员理解微环谐振器与SG-DFB的相互作用，以及如何通过调整参数（如光栅突发的长度、间距和数量）来优化多波长输出。通过这样的集成设计，该系统有望实现更高效的多波长激光源，这对于密集波分复用（DWDM）系统至关重要。DWDM允许在单根光纤上传输多个数据流，每个数据流使用不同的波长，从而显著增加了光纤网络的容量。因此，这项研究对于未来高带宽通信网络的发展具有重要意义，并可能推动下一代光子集成电路的设计。

Multiwavelength generation using an add-drop microring

resonator integrated with an InGaAsP/InP sampled

grating distributed feedback

S. E. Alavi

, I. S. Amiri

*, M. R. K. Soltanian

, R. Penny

, A. S. M. Supa’at

and H. Ahmad

Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia

Photonics Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: isafiz@yahoo.com

Received September 30, 2015; accepted December 11, 2015; posted online February 5, 2016

A system of an add-drop microring resonator integrated with a sampled grating distributed feedback

(SG-DFB) is investigated via modeling and simulation with the time-domain traveling wave (TDTW)

method. The proposed microring resonator comprises a SiO

waveguide integrated with an InGaAsP/InP

SG-DFB, and the SiO

waveguide consists of a silicon core having a refractive index of 3.48 and Kerr co-

efficient of 4.5 × 10

−18

∕W. The SG-DFB consists of a series of grating bursts that are constructed using a

periodic apodization function with a burst spacing in the grating of 45 μm, a burst length of 5 μm, and 10

bursts across the total length of the SG-DBR. Transmission results of the through and drop port of the

microring resonator show the significant capacity enhancement of the generated center wavelengths. The

Q-factor of the microring resonator system, defined as the center wavelength (λ

) divided by 3 dB FWHM,

without and with integration with the SG-DFB is calculated as 1.93 × 10

and 2.87 × 10

, respectively.

Analysis of the dispersion of the system reveals that increasing the wavelength results in a decrease of

the dispersion. The higher capacity and efficiency are the advantages of integrating the microring resonator

and the InGaAsP/InP SG-DFB.

OCIS codes: 130.3130, 130.3990, 130.7408, 050.2770.

doi: 10.3788/COL201614.021301.

Researchers have been actively investigating wavelength-

selective reflective elements based on microring resonators

(MRs)

[1]

in recent years, with experimental demonstrations

of resonance splitting and enhanced notch depth in MRs

due to mutual mode coupling. The free spectral range is

usually large for small-radius rings, and this limits the

number of channels that can be adopted for operation

[2]

Split resonances provide more wavelengths for signal

processing and thus increase the system capacity. Integra-

tion of inline reflectors into planar optical circuits is

important for several reasons

[3]

; integrated reflectors can

be much smaller than corresponding fiber devices, can

be fabricated in a variety of materials with special nonlin-

ear functionality or with specific dispersion properties, and

can be combined on a single chip with additional photonic

devices such as modulators, couplers, or sources

[4]

. How-

ever, integration of sample gratings within a planar wave-

guide optical circuit is difficult due to the high-resolution

lithography required over large areas to achieve high

reflection efficiency and low scattering loss

[5]

. This is espe-

cially the case with integrated geometries that necessitate

aperiodic gratings

[6,7]

. As an alternative to integrated sam-

ple gratings, the microring-based reflector presents several

advantages including increase d flexibility

[8]

, compactness

allowing for simpler and more controlled fabrication,

and the possibility of incorporation with additional pho-

tonic devices

[9,10]

Silicon photonics has become one of the most promising

photonic integration platforms over the last few years

[11–13]

and passive silicon waveguide structures have shown an

unprecedented reduction in footprint of the waveguides,

and especially for wavelength-selective devices

[14,15]

. Exper-

imentally, the integration technology is the planar fabrica-

tion process, which has been well studied and finds a host of

applications in both telecommunications and sensing

[13]

Ring resonators play an important role in the success of

silicon photonics since ring resonators of silicon can be con-

structed at an unprecedented small size

[16,17]

. Integrated

optic MRs have exhibited attractive filter and switching

behavior in connection with extremely small chip-areas

for single functional elements

[18]

. These ring resonators

behave as spectral filters that can be used for applications

in optical communication, particularly wavelength divi-

sion multiplexing (WDM)

[19,20]

. An integrated add-drop

MR has been proposed in this paper. This proposed reso-

nator comprised a SiO

waveguide integrated with a

sampled grating distributed feedback (SG-DFB) made of

an InGaAsP/InP semiconductor. The time-domain travel-

ing wave (TDTW) method was employed for modeling and

simulating the proposed MR integrated system. Silicon

photonic wires represent an ideal platform for nonlinear

behavior because silicon exhibits a variety of strong nonlin-

ear effects, such as Kerr nonlinearity

[21–24]

. Maximizing the

nonlinearity required optimization of the nonlinear param-

eter whereby the effective area of nonlinear interaction

depends on the waveguide geometry

[25]

The add-drop MR system illustrated in Fig.

1(a)

provided the foundation for the proposed integrated

COL 14(2), 021301(2016) CHINESE OPTICS LETTERS February 10, 2016

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