MoCA协议1.1：EoC技术与ITU-G.hn兼容性探讨

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"EoC MoCA协议1.1是数字电视行业的一个标准，主要由Multimedia over Coax Alliance (MoCA)制定，用于在同轴电缆上实现家庭多媒体传输。这个协议版本1.1通常被EoC（以太网 over Coax）局端设备所采用，以提供高速的有线家庭网络服务。MoCA 1.1规范旨在确保与已安装的家庭网络技术的兼容性和共存，包括与其他协议如G.hn的互动。" 正文： MoCA（ Multimedia over Coax Alliance）是一个行业联盟，专注于开发和推广使用同轴电缆进行家庭内部通信的技术。这个协议允许用户通过他们现有的有线电视网络来实现高带宽的网络连接，从而将互联网、数字电视和电话服务整合到一个单一的网络基础设施中。EoC MoCA协议1.1是MoCA技术的一个重要里程碑，它提高了数据传输速率和网络的稳定性。 MoCA 1.1的主要特点和改进包括： 1. **更高的传输速度**：相较于早期的MoCA 1.0，MoCA 1.1提升了数据传输速度，可以达到320Mbps的物理层速率，实际应用中可达到150Mbps以上的有效数据传输速率，这对于高清视频流和在线游戏等需要高带宽的应用至关重要。 2. **增强的网络安全性**：MoCA 1.1引入了更强大的加密技术，采用了AES 128位加密，确保了家庭内部网络数据传输的安全性，防止未授权的访问。 3. **网络管理优化**：支持更多的QoS（服务质量）功能，能更好地管理和调度不同类型的流量，确保关键服务如语音和视频的流畅性。 4. **更好的兼容性和共存**：MoCA 1.1设计时考虑到了与现有同轴网络设备的兼容性，能够与MoCA 1.0设备无缝工作，并且可以与其它同轴网络技术如HomePNA和G.hn共存，减少了对新安装的影响。 5. **网络拓扑优化**：支持多路径传输，通过优化信号路由，增强了网络的鲁棒性和可靠性，即使在同轴网络中有部分节点故障的情况下，也能保证数据的稳定传输。 MoCA协议在数字电视行业的广泛应用得益于其对现有基础设施的利用，避免了重新布线的需求。同时，它也为电信运营商提供了一种高效、经济的解决方案，以便于提供三重播放（语音、数据和视频）服务。MoCA 1.1的推出，不仅提升了家庭网络的性能，还为未来可能出现的更高带宽需求打下了坚实的基础。随着技术的不断发展，MoCA协议的后续版本，如MoCA 2.0和2.5，继续在速度和功能上进行了进一步的提升。

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4.2 Definitions

ACMT padding – Bits appended to a scrambled PHY frame to enable mapping onto an integer number of

ACMT symbols.

Allocation Unit (AU) – Part of the MAP payload describing a packet’s location in time, content, source

and destination nodes.

Asynchronous MAP – A MAC control message sent by the NC to all other nodes in a MoCA network.

This message announces the transmission schedule over the medium.

Beacon – A MAC control message periodically transmitted by the NC.

Client Node – A MoCA node other than the NC.

Client Node State – St ate o f a Client Node, as reported in its Reservation Requests, reflecting its current

understanding of the Link Control State and whether it has completed certain link control tasks.

Diversity Mode – The PHY modulation used during admission, before modulation profiling is completed.

Existing Node (EN) – Existing Node (a MoCA node that has been admitted to the network).

Cycle Time – A time interval over which an Asynchronous MAP schedules transmissions over the

m e di u m .

Fc – The RF center frequency of a MoCA channel.

GUID – A 64-bit unique identifier for each MoCA node. This identifier is generated by adding 0x0000 to

the end of 48-bit Ethernet MAC address of a device. For example, a device with 48-bit IEEE MAC address

aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff will have a GUID of aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff:00:00.

Inter-Frame Gap (IFG) – The time between the end of a scheduled MoCA transmission and the beginning

of the next scheduled transmission.

Intermediate Device – An Intermediate Device is a device that has as one of its primary functions bridging

of user content between the MoCA network and an external device over an industry standard interface such

as Ethernet or USB.

Last Operational Frequency (LOF) – The last RF center frequency on which a node was successfully in

the Steady state.

L-band – Frequency band in the spectrum (roughly) between 950 and 2150 MHz.

Link Control State – A MAC parameter which indicates the current state of the Link control signal

exchanges in a MoCA network. The NC determines and broadcasts this state as a parameter in the

Asynchronous MAPs.

Link Maintenance Operations (LMO) – Periodic updating of PHY parameters including modulation

profiles.

Page 17

MAC frame – A MAC frame is a MAC layer syntax unit used to transmit/receive data and control

information. A MAC frame consists of a frame header field, followed by a frame payload field, followed by

a payload CRC field.

Managed Device – A Managed Device allows access by the user to certain working parameters of a MoCA

device as defined in this specification.

Modulation Profile - A term used to describe various modulation parameters used for an ACMT

transmission.

Modulation Profiling – The process of optimizing the Modulation Profile of the ACMT signal to achieve a

high data rate and low packet error rate for a node to node link.

Multi-tap – A network element that is deployed by a network operator typically at curbside, to split a

network signal into multiple coaxial drops to homes in its proximity.

Network Coordinator (NC) – A MoCA node that performs the following salient functions in a MoCA

network: Beacon generation, MAP generation, admission of new MoCA nodes to the network, privacy key

generation and distribution, and LMO scheduling.

New Node (NN) – A MoCA node that is requesting admission to the network

Network Search State – The state of a MoCA MAC implementation in which a node is not connected to a

MoCA network and is trying to find or form a MoCA network.

Node – An implementation compliant with this specification.

Node GUID – See GUID; i this specification, the terms Node GUID and GUID are used interchangeably.

Node ID – A number between 0 and 7, assigned by the NC to each node in a MoCA network. The number

“63” is used to indicate a set of all nodes, including the NC and is used to indicate broadcast mode.

Operator-Service Provider (OSP) – An Operator-Service Provider (OSP) is an entity that (a) maintains a

WAN infrastructure for delivery of content directly to consumer’s homes such as DBS, HFC, FTTH, xDSL,

and wireless and (b) delivers or enables delivery of services (video, audio, voice or data) directly to the

consumer’s home over such WAN infrastructure and (c) provides significant installation and technical

support to consumers, including live support and maintenance directly to homes and (d) significantly

advertises such installation and technical support.

OSP Device – An OSP Device is a MoCA product supplied by an OSP.

PHY Profile – A set of parameters that defines the modulation between two nodes, including the preamble

type, Cyclic Prefix length, Modulation Profile, and transmit power.

Point of Entry – The coaxial cabling one foot outside of the entry to the residence on the distribution side

of the first splitter which may be connected to terrestrial service, DBS, cable service, or not connected.

Probe – A signal transmitted by a MoCA node and received by the same or another node for improving or

maintaining PHY performance of inter-node links.

Protocol Data Unit – A data unit with well defined syntax.

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Root Node – A physical point at the input to the first splitter in a home where it connects through a coax

cable to the Point of Entry.

Service – A logical function performed at a layer in the protocol stack. Two types of services are defined in

this standard – data and control.

SLOT_TIME – Unit of time signifying minimum resolution of MAC timing.

System Time – Time of a common clock maintained by each node in a MoCA network.

Terminal Device – A Terminal Device is a device whose primary function is to source or sink user content

over the MoCA network.

4.3 Usage and Syntax

This specification uses recommendation of RFC 2119 to describe requirements (quoted below).

1. MUST This word, or the terms "REQUIRED" or "SHALL", mean that the definition is an absolute

requirement of the specification.

2. MUST NOT This phrase, or the phrase "SHALL NOT", mean that the definition is an absolute

prohibition of the specification.

3. SHOULD This word, or the adjective "RECOMMENDED", mean that there may exist valid reasons in

particular circumstances to ignore a particular item, but the full implications must be understood and

carefully weighed before choosing a different course.

4. SHOULD NOT This phrase, or the phrase "NOT RECOMMENDED" mean that there may exist valid

reasons in particular circumstances when the particular behavior is acceptable or even useful, but the full

implications should be understood and the case carefully weighed before implementing any behavior

described with this label.

5. MAY This word, or the adjective "OPTIONAL", mean that an item is truly optional. One vendor may

choose to include the item because a particular marketplace requires it or because the vendor feels that it

enhances the product while another vendor may omit the same item. An implementation which does not

include a particular option MUST be prepared to interoperate with another implementation which does

include the option, though perhaps with reduced functionality. In the same vein an implementation which

does include a particular option MUST be prepared to interoperate with another implementation which does

not include the option (except, of course, for the feature the option provides.)

All bits in the RESERVED fields in the syntax SHOULD be set to 0.

4.4 References

1. IEEE 802.3-2002 |ISO/IEC DIS 8802-3: "Information technology - Telecommunications and information

exchange between systems - Local and Metropolitan Area Networks - Specific requirements - Part 3:

Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) access method and physical layer

specifications".

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5 System Overview

The MoCA network transmits high speed multimedia data over the in-home coaxial cable infrastructure.

The topology of the in-home coax infrastructure and its associated channel characteristics greatly influence

the MoCA protocol. In particular, special attention has been given to ensuring network robustness along

with inherent low packet error rate performance without the use of retransmissions. This is achieved

primarily through the use of full-mesh pre-equalization techniques using a form of OFDM modulation

referred to herein as Adaptive Constellation Multitone (ACMT). In addition, attention has been given to

maintaining very low latency which is relatively independent of network load. This is accomplished with a

collision-free and fully coordinated Media Access Control (MAC) layer so that all transmissions are

scheduled and high reliability transfers can be maintained between all nodes. The MAC layer supports

prioritized Quality of Service (QoS).

The MoCA signal occupies the frequency spectrum between 850 and 1525 MHz and can co-exist with other

services on the coax plant such as over-the-air, cable, and satellite signals. This specification divides this

spectrum into defined bands and describes how they may be used.

5.1 Topology

The MoCA network is designed to operate on the existing coaxial plants found in homes and adapt to the

associated channel characteristics. This section describes the physical and logical topologies used by the

MoCA network.

5.1.1 Physical Network Model

Typical in-home coaxial networks are configured as a branching tree topology with the point of

demarcation being at the point of entry, typically on the side of the house, and outlets distributed throughout

the house. The point of entry is typically connected to the first splitter in the home through a coax cable. In

order to get MSO services, the point of entry must be connected to a multi-tap in the MSO’s coax

distribution plant

. In this document, the point of connection to the first splitter is called the root node. The

MoCA devices inside the home communicate with each other by having their signals traverse across one or

more splitters. When the signal traverses between two outputs of a single splitter, this is referred to as

“splitter jumping”. Splitter jumping is always necessary when the signal must traverse between outlets in

the home.

Although home cable distribution plant performance is not regulated, in general home coaxial plant

performance is governed by getting good analog and digital video signals from the multi-tap to the outlets

in each room. MoCA nodes are expected to operate well between outlets in home coaxial distribution

plants. The MoCA network has been designed to operate with the following physical plant characteristics:

• Maximum of 300 feet of cable from multi-tap (last MSO device) to the root node

• Maximum 25 dB attenuation (at 750 MHz) between root node and coax outlet

• Maximum 300 feet of cable between root node and outlet (other splitters are also allowed)

• No Amplifiers in the path between MoCA nodes unless they are appropriately bypassed at MoCA

frequencies.

Alternately, the point of entry may be connected to a terrestrial broadcast antenna and/or satellite feed.

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