Java学习笔记:面向对象与常用数据结构

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Java学习笔记提供了一个全面的面向对象编程概念介绍,适合初学者作为辅助资料。在Java中,面向对象编程(OOP)是核心概念,它强调万物皆对象,即所有的事物都可以看作是具有属性(实例变量)和行为(方法)的实体。类是对象的抽象,通过类定义对象的共性特征和行为,例如: 1. **对象的定义**:对象是由属性和方法组成的,属性描述对象的状态,方法定义对象的行为。面向对象设计注重封装,隐藏对象的实现细节,仅暴露必要的接口给外部调用者。 2. **面向对象原则**:遵循高内聚和低耦合的原则,这意味着每个对象应该有清晰的职责,与其他对象之间的依赖关系要尽可能少,以便于模块化和复用。 3. **类的创建**:在Java中,使用`class`关键字定义类,如`class Student`,类名通常首字母大写。类包含实例变量(成员变量,也称类变量或静态变量)和局部变量,两者在生命周期和作用域上有区别。实例变量在类的整个生命周期中存在,初始化时可能为`null`,而局部变量只在方法内部可见。 4. **方法**:方法是类中的函数,定义了对象的行为。包括返回值类型、方法名、参数列表以及可能抛出的异常。Java方法的声明格式为:`修饰符 返回值类型 方法名(参数列表) throws 异常类型{ 方法体 }`。 5. **面向过程与面向对象的区别**:面向过程注重算法和过程,先有算法再设计数据结构;而面向对象则相反,先定义数据结构(类),然后根据需求设计方法实现功能。在开发过程中,面向对象鼓励代码复用,通过对象间的交互实现功能。 6. **语法基础**:在面向对象编程中,类是一种新的数据类型,对象则是类的实例。理解并掌握类的定义和实例变量、局部变量的使用是编程入门的关键。 通过这个笔记,初学者将建立起Java面向对象编程的基础,学会如何设计和使用类、对象、方法和属性,为后续更深入的学习打下坚实的基础。
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list}{478}{lstnumber.-637.8} {A}T-GWAP}{480}{appendix.A} {A.1}PO}{480}{section.A.1} {A.2}DAO}{480}{section.A.2} {A.2.1}使用连接池}{480}{subsection.A.2.1} {A.3}BO}{485}{section.A.3} {A.3.1}ThreadLocal}{486}{subsection.A.3.1} {A.4}FC}{486}{section.A.4} {A.5}View}{486}{section.A.5} {A.6}框架}{486}{section.A.6} {A.6.1}简单工厂}{486}{subsection.A.6.1} {B}问题}{489}{appendix.B} \contentsline {chapter}{Index}{491}{section*.9} {B.0.2},}{491}{subsection.B.0.2}